MunaEpril ya1994, mutsara wezvinyorwa 599 zvakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemidzanga yeAmerica yakaitwa pachena, uye makambani makuru makuru efodya anotaura.
Kusvikira panguva iyo, zvikamu zvefodya zvakanga zvisingazivikanwi kune ani kunze kwekambani dzinozviita. Nhasi, apo mibvunzo yakawanda ichiripo, vatsvakurudzi vakazarura ruzivo rwakakosha ruzivo pamusoro pezvinowedzera mumidzanga, uye izvo zvose zvakatanga nemazita aya.
Pamusoro pezvizhinji, vanogadzira fodya vanochengeta kuti mawedzera avo anowedzera zvinonaka, vanoita se-humectant kana vanoshandiswa se "processing aid", sezviri mune urongwa hwezvinowedzera kubva kuna Philip Morris . Sayenzi inotiratidza kuti zvakawanda zviri kuitika, zvakadaro.
Vatsvakurudzi, Michael Rabinoff, DO, PhD, Nicholas Caskey, PhD, Anthony Rissling, MA, uye Candice Park, BS vakaongorora magwaro ehuwandu hwefodya aripo, urongwa hwezvinyorwa 599 nezvimwe zviwanikwa, vachiona kuti vanopfuura 100 vavo vane unhu hunogona zvichida kuwedzera kusvuta kana kuvhara zvinokanganisa zvemidzanga.
Semuenzaniso, mamwe emidziyo yefodya:
- inogona kuderedza mhepo, zvichibvumira munhu anosvuta kuti awedzere zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti nicotine iwedzere uye inogona kuisa mazinga epamusoro emapapu mumapapu. Koco is an additive inozivikanwa kuita izvi.
- vane unyanzvi hwekuita zvehuwandu hwavo kana kuti synergistically neicotine.
- kunonoka metabolism yeicicinine, zvichiita kuti kuwedzerwa kusvuta kwacho kuripo.
- vane anesthetic properties inoderedza kushata kweutsi hwefodya pamutsipa.
- kuvhara kunhuhwirira, kuonekwa, uye kutsamwa kwehusi hwehusi hwehupenyu.
- inogona kuvanza zviratidzo zvekunyevera zvezvirwere zvinosangana nefodya fodya.
Pasinei nokuti mamwe maitiro ehuwandu hwefodya "akagadzirirwa" mumudzanga wekutengeserana neGigodha Gorosi haasati yabvumirwa, asi vatsvakurudzi vose vanobvumirana kuti zvakasimba kutonga pamusoro pezvinowanika fodya ndezvakakosha zvikuru.
Zvinyorwa zvefodya zvinoratidza kuti makambani emidzanga akatsvaga nzira dzekudzidzira fodya iyo inobvumira mushandi nekukurumidza kusvika kunicotine, kutsvakurudza zvinhu zvose kubva kuwedzera nicotine mumidzanga kuburikidza nekusimudzira fodya inogadzirwa nemafuta ekugadzira michero yeicikine uye kushandisa fodya pekuwedzera mune manufacturing process.
Amoniya muCigaretti
Amoniya yakawedzerwa kune fodya inopindirana neicotine mukutora kushe-kusununguka. Chigumisiro chacho ndechokuti nicotine yakanyanya kukanganisa kune munhu anoputa.
Menthol muCigaretti
Derived from mint mafuta, menthol chimwe chikonzero chinowedzera kuwedzera kuita basa rinokosha pakuratidza vechidiki kusvuta. Menthol inyanzvi yemunharaunda yepamunharaunda, uye kana yakawedzerwa kumidzanga inogona kuderedza kushungurudzika kwehuro kunokonzerwa neutsi hwefodya.
Eugenol chimwe chiwedzeridzo chinoshandiswa senhengo inopinza yehutsinye hunosvuta hweutsi hwefodya.
Acetaldehyde muSigarette Smoke
Acetaldehyde inoumbwa kana cigareti zvinoshandiswa uye zvinowedzera, kusanganisira shuga inopiswa. Kutsvakurudza kwezvipfuwo kwakaitwa naFiripi Morris kwakaratidza kuwirirana kwepakati pakati peacetaldehyde uye nicotine. Ratsi dzakamanikidza bar akawanda kuitira kusanganiswa kwemaviri emakemikari kupfuura kune imwe chete.
Kana iyo data yaive yakazara kuvanhu, inogona kuenzaniswa nekuwedzera kunokonzera fodya pamusana pehutano hwekuita nicotine uye acetaldehyde muutsi hwefodya.
Chii Chinonzi Fodya?
Vagadziri vegakure vanogadzirisa zvimedu zvakasara fodya zvinokonzerwa, shandi, zvinyorwa, zvakasvikwa guruva uye kuputika pasi kusvika muzvigadzirwa zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvakare mumucheka wokupedzisira.
Izvo zvinosanganisira kusvina zvose zvezvinhu zvakasarudzwa, kubvisa nicotine kubva kwavari, uyezve kuwedzera glue, fillers, makemikari uye vamwe vashandi kuti vagadzire slurry. Iyo inosanganiswa inobva yasungirirwa kupinda mucheka, ichikwidziridzwa, uye nicotine yakabviswa inoshandiswa pairi.
Kubva ipapo, inodonhedzwa zvakare zvakare kuva mavara akanaka akabatanidzwa mumidzanga mumutengo unoda.
Sheet fodya chinhu chikuru chemazuva ano akagadzirwa fodya.
Zvinyorwa Zvinotapisa Zvokutsva Ngarave
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kupisa kwezvinokonzera zvokudya zvinowedzera pachavo uye pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvinogona kugadzira mishonga yemakemikari ine ngozi kune hutano hwevanhu.
Uye, kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, zvipembenene zvinoshandiswa mukurima fodya uye nhumbi dzakaoma zvakawanikwa zvakasikwa muvhu, zvimwe zvayo zvinoshandiswa mumhepo , zvinogona kuramba uye zvichienda kune zvakagadzirwa (uye mutengi).
Kana Uchiri Kusvuta ...
Ndapota shandisa zvinhu zviri pasi apa kuti zvikubatsire kutanga nekumisa.
Utano hunotitaurira kuti hapana nguva yakanaka yekurega, saka isa pfungwa yako nekuregeredza uye kutanga chirongwa chako chekurega nhasi.
> Sources:
National Center ye Biotechnology Information. American Journal of Public Health. Ma Pharmacological and Chemical Effects yeCigarette Additives. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040350/#!po=2.94118. Yakasvika muna February 2014.
National Center ye Biotechnology Information. Kushandiswa uye Kubudisa Dambudziko: Imwe Kunze kweKushandiswa Kwefodya. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10465821/. Yakasvika muna February 2014.
Chiito paKusvuta uye Utano. Fodya Additives - Cigarette Engineering uye Nicotine Addiction. http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_623.pdf. Yakasvika muna February 2014.
Yunivhesiti yeKalifornia, San Francisco. Nhaka yeTopi Documents. Genetic Engineering High Nicotine Plots. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hpl41f00. Yakasvika muna February 2014.
American Cancer Society. Menthol Cigarettes - Chii Chikuru Chakuita? http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/expertvoices/post/2013/08/28/menthol-cigarettes-whats-the-big-deal.aspx. Yakasvika muna February 2014.