Ammonia inotyisa, gasi risina ruvara rine furo yakaipisisa kwazvo. Amoniya inowanzoitika mumasango uye inogadzirwa zvevanhu.
MaAmoniya Anoshandiswa Sei
Ammonia misungo inowanzoshandiswa mukuchenesa michina uye fertilizer.
Ammonia inoshandiswawo kukurudzira zvinokonzerwa neicotine mumagetsi.
Munharaunda inonzi Minnesota Tobacco Trial ya1998, nhamba dzakawanda pamusoro pekuti makambani ekufodya akashandisa sei zvidzanga zvekutsva munzira yekukurumidza nekuwedzera nicotine kudhakwa kwevatengi kwakaitwa pachena.
Pakati pavo paiva nekutsvaga nei chikwata chefodya chaive chimwe chevatengi vakawanda veAmmonia muUnited States.
Inotanga neTot-Tar Cigarettes
Mucherechedza-tar akaiswa se "fodya yakachengeteka" mushure mekunge huwandu hwakawanda hwakaitwa pakati pokusvuta nekenza muma1950. Mafirimu akawedzerwa senzira yekubata tar, uye mashuwo maduku mufirati akafanirwa kupedza utsi hwefodya kupinda mumapapu.
Zvisinei, zvakaratidza kuti kuderedza zviduku zvakagadziriswawo zvakaderedza kuwandisa kwenicotine inowanika kune vanoputa. Vatongi vefodya vakadana kusava ne "kusagutsikana kusvuta," asi chokwadi ndechekuti nicotine shoma inogona kureva kuderera. Izvozvo zvakanga zvisingabatsiri mune zvemabhizimisi zvakatsigira nicotine kukanganisa kukura nekuchengetedza vashandi varo.
Vatsvakurudzi vekambani yefodya vakatanga kutsvaga nzira dzekusimudzira zvinokonzera nicotine mumidzanga yevasvuta. Icho chinowedzera ammonia inzira yakanaka yekuita icho chinangwa.
Mhando mbiri dzeNikotini
Maikorolekemu aripo maitiro maviri, asidi (akasungwa) uye nheyo (isina). Muutsi hwefodya, kusununguka kwemaicolin molecule kunopisa nyore nyore kupfuura kusungwa nicotine molecules. Kamwe kamwe nicotine inopisa mukati megasi, inokurumidza kufambiswa nemapapu uye inoparidzwa mumuviri wose.
Vagadziri vefodya vakaona kuti kuwedzera ammonia kumuchengetedza fodya kunobatsira kutora nicotine mamolekemu muutsi hwefodya muhurukuro yeicicinine yakasununguka nekurera pH yavo.
Iyi nzira inozivikanwa se "kusununguka kusununguka." Saizvozvowo kumakemikari yekushandiswa kwebhacaaine isina kubhadhara, mugumisiro wemugumisiro inowedzera simba remushonga pamushandisi.
Saizvozvowo, makambani efodya akadzikisa huwandu hwehuga mumidzanga kuitira kuti kuwedzere kushandiswa kwepamusoro uye muwandu weeicotin molecules mumusvuta wefodya.
Nyanzvi yehupupuriro yehurumende paMinnesota Tobacco Trial yakapiwa naKanning Robertson, purofesa wemakemikari engineering kuStanford University.
Maererano naVaRobert Robertson, kutarisa mukati mezvinyorwa zvekambani dzefodya zvakaratidza kuti muna 1965, masayendisiti paRJ Reynolds vakanga vachiedza kunzwisisa kuti nei Firipi Morris Marlboro brand yakakurumbira kupfuura yeWinston brand yavo.
Vakaziva kuti Philip Morris aishandisa ammonia muMargboro fodya, uye apo RJ Reynolds akatevera zvakare mumakore ekuma1970 nekuwedzera ammonia kuWinston fodya, ivowo, vakatanga kuwana pasi nevatengi.
Pakazosvika 1989, maererano nezvinyorwa zvefodya, zvinopfuura mamirioni gumi mapaundi emamoniya zvinowanzoshandiswa gore negore nemakambani ekugadzira fodya.
Zvimwe Shady Nicotine Research
Panguva imwe chete, tsvakurudzo mukati Nzira dzekuwedzera nicotine mumiti yefodya dzakanga dziripo. Purofesa Robertson akapupurira kuti Brown naWillion Tobacco Corporation vakagadzira michina yefodya yakabereka kaviri chiyero chinokonzerwa neicotine.
"Y-1" sezvo yakanzi mapepa mapepa aishandiswa mumidzanga yakashambadzirwa inotengeswa mumatunhu.
Uye zvikokovonho izvi zvinoshandiswa kuderedza utsi uye zvinopinda mumapapu anotsvuta? Imwe fodya memo yakaratidza kuti masango aya akawedzera sei pH yeutsi, zvichiwedzera kuwandisa kweikicini kunowanikwa kune vanoputa.
Zvose Nezvokugutsikana Kwekambani ... Zvakarurama?
Bhuku guru rinogadzirisa nicotine kukwezva vanopfungaira vanogamuchira apo kupisa nokushandisa ammonia mukugadzira fodya kunongoreva kuwedzera "kufuta kusagutsikana."
Mumwe anogona kunyatsorondedzera kutsvaga nicotine isina kubvumira neammonia sezvinoita nemaune kushandura kuchengetedza vachengeta zvinodhakwa, uye kupa nzira inokurumidza kugadziriswa kune vatsva vatsva.
Ngatitarisei. Indasitiri yefodya haina utsinye mukutsvaga kwayo yekuwana nekuchengetedza vatengi. Vanoda kuita chero chinotarisirwa kuti varambe vachipindwa muropa nokuti dai zvisiri zvekudhakwa, hapana aizotsvaira.
Zvimwe paMakemikari muCigaretti
Kusvika iye zvino, sayenzi yakaratidza kupfuura 7000 makemikari mumutsi hwefodya, kusanganisira kusvika kune 250 muchetura uye makumi manomwe maitiro ecarcinogenic.
- Mamwe Makemikari muSigareti Smoke
Kana iwe uchiri kusvuta, kuunganidza zvimwe zvinhu , kugadzirisa zuva , uye kutanga nekusvuta kupera . Iwe hauzombozvidemba.
Sources:
Amoniya Kurapa Kwefodya. Zvinyorwa zveFodya Online.
ToxFAQs ™: Amoniya. Svondo, 2004. Sangano reTyxic Substances uye Registry Registry.
Chiitiko Uchapupu hwaKanning R. Robertson, Ph.D, February 3rd, 1998. Minnesota v. Philip Morris, Inc.