Isu tose tinoziva kuti kusvuta fodya kunoparadza zvinotyisa uye munguva dzakawanda, kuuraya, kuuraya hafu yevanhu vose vasingasiyi. Inopfuura 7000 makemikari akawanikwa mumidzanga uye utsi hwefodya kusvika zuva, 93 ayo ari kukuvadza kana anogona kuipa, uye zvinopfuura makumi manomwe zvingakonzera kenza. Izvi zvinoshandiswa uye zvinowedzera zvinokonzera zvinhu zvose zvichibva mukati mekushanda kwezvikamu zvako kuhutano hwemasimba omunhengo yako.
Zvimwe zvechokwadi uye nhamba pamusoro pekusvuta zvingakushamisa iwe.
Zvinokonzera Zvinotyisa muSighete Smoke
Iyo makemikari mumusvuta wefodya inoputirwa mumapapu uye kubva ikoko inofamba mumuviri wose, ichikonzera kukuvara munzira dzakawanda, kusanganisira:
- Nicotine inosvika muuropi mumasekondi 7 kusvika ku10 mushure mekunge utsi hunyunyuta. Nicotine yakawanikwa mune zvose zvemuviri wehuseti, kusanganisira mukaka wemvere. Izvo zvakare sekudhakwa se heroin.
- Carbon monoxide , iyo iripo mumutsi hwefodya, inosunga hemoglobin mumasero matsvuku eropa, ichidzivirira masero aya kutakura mhepo yose yavanowanzoita. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuzviratidzo zve carbon carbon monoxide chepfu.
- Kenza-inokonzera maitiro (carcinogens) muhutachiona hwemisi inokonzera utachiona hunokosha hunotungamirira kukura kwemasero, zvichiita kuti zvikure zvisina kukodzera kana kuti kubereka zvakakurumidza. Zvinopfuura makumi manomwe zvakadai semakemikari-zvichikonzera makemikari ave akaonekwa muutsi hwefodya kusvika nhasi.
- Kusvuta kunokanganisa maitiro echirwere chemasimba anoshanda kuburikidza nekukonzera kushushikana kwehutachiona. Izvi, zvakare, zvinoita kuti DNA ishanduke, kuisa danho rekenza uye chirwere chemwoyo. Kushushikana mupfungwa kunofanirwawo kuti kunopa kukwegura. Antioxidants ndiyo nzira yezvisikwa yekurwisa kukanganisa kunokonzera kukanganisa kunokonzera masero emumuviri. Vakasvuta vane antioxidants vashomanana muropa ravo kupfuura vasiri kusvuta.
- Kusvuta kunosanganiswa nemazinga akakwirira ekuputika kwenguva refu, imwe nzira inokuvadza iyo inogona kukonzera kushushikana kwehupombwe.
- Utsi hwebhegota ine saridhi ine simba yakasvibirira iyo "yakanamatira" kune tar inounganidza mumapapu evasvuta. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinowedzera uye zvinotendwa kuti ndeimwe yezvipingamupinyi zvekenza yemapapu mune fodya.
Kuwedzera Kwezvinetso Zvehutano Zvinosanganiswa Nekusvuta
Vasvuta vanotarisana nekuwedzera kukuru muhutano hwavo hwezvirwere zvakawanda kune avo vasingasvi:
- Coronary heart disease: 2 kusvika 4 times
- Stroke: 2 kusvika 4 nguva
- Chirwere chepachivha chinokonzerwa nevarume: makumi maviri nemashanu
- Dambudziko rekenza yemaronda kune vakadzi: 25.7 nguva
- Chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chemapemmoni (COPD) -kufananidzwa nerufu: 12 kusvika 13 nguva
Sodya Fodya uye Rufu
Kusvuta fodya ndicho chinokonzera rufu rwekudzivirirwa munyika nhasi. Heano maverengerwo ekusvuta fodya uye nhamba yevakafa vanosvuta inokonzera:
- MuUnited States, fodya fodya inobata vanenge 480 000 vakafa pagore. Munyika yose, inenge mamiriyoni matanhatu anofa nekushandiswa kwefodya gore negore, uye kana maitiro ezvino achienderera mberi, nhamba iyoyo inotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika mamiriyoni 8 mugore ra2030.
- Kana pasina munhu akaputa, kenza kufa muUnited States ingaderera nechetatu.
- Kanza yemaperembudzi inonyanya kurwara nechirwere; 90% yevarume uye 80% yevakadzi avo vakakundwa nekenza yemapapu vachiputa.
- Kufa kwechirongwa cheCOPD kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nokusvuta, uye 90% yezvi rufu zvinotevera kumashure.
- Vakasvuta vanofa makore gumi nokukurumidza kupfuura vasiri vasvuta, paavhareji.
- Vanopfuura 41 000 vanofa gore negore kubva pakusangana neutsi hwechipiri.
- Kusvuta fodya kunokonzera kufa kwevakawanda gore negore muU.S. kupfuura zvese zvinotevera zvinosanganiswa: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), kukuvadzwa kwemotokari, kushandisa doro, uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Sources:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention (CDC). Migumisiro yehutano yeSodya Fodya. Yakapindurwa musi waMay 15, 2017.
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention (CDC). Sodya Fodya uye Mheni. Yakapedzwa musi waDecember 7, 2015.
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention (CDC). Kusvuta uye Fodya Kushandisa: Zvinyorwa Zvitsva. Yakapedzwa musi waNovember 16, 2017.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fodya Mishonga: Cigaretti. Yakavandudzwa musi waJuly 31, 2017.