Apo iwe unonzwa shoko reuchenjeri, pfungwa yekuongorora IQ inogona kuuya pakarepo mupfungwa. Uchenjeri hunowanzotsanangurwa sezvatinokwanisa; chimwe chinhu chatinoberekwa nacho, chimwe chinhu chinogona kuyerwa, uye simba rakaoma kuchinja. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvakadaro, mamwe maonero ehuchenjeri akabuda. Imwe yekubata pamuviri ndiyo inyanzvi ye multiple intelligences yakasarudzirwa neHarvard wepfungwa dzepfungwa Howard Gardner.
Dzidziso ye Multiple Intelligences
Iyi nyanzvi inoratidza kuti tsika dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzekuchenjera dzakanyanya. Gardner akatanga kutsanangura mazano ake muna 1983 bhuku rinonzi "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences," apo akafunga kuti vanhu vose vane marudzi akasiyana e "intelligences." Gardner akaronga kuti kune mazano masere, uye akaratidza kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kwechipfumbamwe chinonzi "existentialist intelligence."
Kuti atore huwandu hwakazara hwehutano nemararamiro ayo vanhu vane, Gardner anotaura kuti vanhu havana chavanoziva chete, asi vane marudzi akawanda euchenjeri, kusanganisira mimhanzi, vanhu vanoita, vanoona-nzvimbo, vanoona, uye mazano emitauro.
Kunyange zvazvo munhu angave akanyanya kusimba mune imwe nzvimbo, yakadai seimhanzi yekuchenjera, iye kana angave ane ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, munhu angave akasimba mumashoko, mumhanzi, uye njere yezvisikwa.
Kurwiswa
Dzidziso yaHardner yakasvika pasi pekutsoropodzwa kubva kune vose mafirologist uye vadzidzisi. Ava vanotsoropodza vanoti kududzira kwaHardner kwekuchenjera kwakanyanya uye kuti humwe masere e "intelligences" anongomiririra matarenda, unhu hweunhu, uye unyanzvi. Dzidziso yaHardner inosanganawo nokushayikwa kwekusimbisa tsvakurudzo yepamusoro.
Pasinei neizvi, dzidziso yevanongororwa mazano akawanda inowanikwa mukurumbira zvikuru nevadzidzisi. Vadzidzisi vakawanda vanoshandisa mazano mazhinji mukudzidzisa kwavo mafilosofi uye vanoita kuti vashandise maonero aGarner mukirasi.
Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pematauriro akawanda zvinogona kukubatsira iwe zviri nani kunzwisisa simba rako pachako. Ramba uchiverenga kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehukuru hunhu hwemarudzi ose euchenjeri, uye kana iwe uchiri kusaziva kuti ndeupi rudzi runotsanangura iwe zvakanakisisa, mibvunzo iyi inogona kukubatsira kuti uione.
1 - Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Simba: Kutarisa uye kutongwa kwepakati
Vanhu vane simba mukuona-nzvimbo dzekunzwisisa dzakanaka pakuona zvinhu. Vanhu ava vanowanzova nemazano pamwe chete nemarita, matati, mavhidhiyo, uye mifananidzo.
Mamiriro
Zviratidzo zvekuonekwa-nzvimbo yekuchenjera zvinosanganisira:
- Anonakidzwa nokuverenga nekunyora
- Zvakanaka pakuisa puzzles pamwechete
- Zvakanaka pakududzira mifananidzo, mairafu, uye marati
- Anonakidzwa nokukora, kupora, uye maonero anoona
- Anoziva maitiro nyore nyore
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe wakasimba muoneka-nzvimbo yekuchenjera, nzvimbo yakanaka yekusarudza iwe ndeyi:
- Architect
- Artist
- Engineer
2 - Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence
Simba: Mashoko, mutauro, nekunyora
Vanhu vane simba mumitauro-mazwi ekuchenjera vanokwanisa kushandisa mazwi zvakanaka, zvose pavanonyora uye vachitaura. Vanhu ava vanowanzoita zvakanaka pakunyora nyaya, kuyeuka ruzivo, uye kuverenga.
Mamiriro
Unyanzvi hwemitauro-kutaura kwemashoko kunosanganisira:
- Zvakanaka pakuyeuka zvakanyorwa uye zvakataurwa
- Anonakidzwa nokuverenga nekunyora
- Zvakanaka pakukakavadzana kana kupa hurukuro inokurudzira
- Anokwanisa kutsanangura zvinhu zvakanaka
- Kazhinji anoshandisa kuseka paanenge achitaura nyaya
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe wakasimba mumitauro-kutaura kwemashoko, zvakanaka mabasa anosarudza kwauri ndeaya:
- Munyori / mutori wenhau
- Gweta
- Mudzidzisi
3 - Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Simba: Kuongorora matambudziko uye masvomhu
Vanhu vane simba muhuchenjeri hunyanzvi-masvomhu vakanaka pakutsanangura, vachicherechedza maitiro, uye kuongorora zvinonzwisisika matambudziko. Ava vanhu vanofunga kufunga nezvemawanda, hukama, uye maitiro.
Mamiriro
Zviratidzo zvekuchenjera-masvomhu ekuchenjera zvinosanganisira:
- Unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko
- Anofarira kufunga pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvinyorwa
- Anofadza kuongorora svesayenzi
- Zvakanaka pakugadzirisa magwaro akaoma
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe wakasimba mune zvinonzwisisika-mashematics intelligence, zvakanaka mabasa anosarudza kwauri ndeaya:
- Scientist
- Nyanzvi yemasvomhu
- Computer programmer
- Engineer
- Accountant
4 - Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Simba: Chimiro chemuviri, motokari
Vaya vane hutano hwepamusoro-soro hwemumuviri vanonzi vakanaka pamusangano, kuita zviito, nekugadzirisa muviri. Vanhu vane simba munharaunda iyi vanowanzova nehupamhi hwemaoko-maziso nekubatana.
Mamiriro
Zviratidzo zvehuviri-kinesthetic intelligence dzinosanganisira:
- Zvakanaka pakudhakwa nemitambo
- Anonakidzwa nokusika zvinhu nemaoko ake
- Zvakanakisisa kugadzirisa muviri
- Inowanzoyeuka nokuita, pane kunzwa kana kuona
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe wakasimba mumuviri-kinesthetic intelligence, zvakanaka mabasa anosarudzwa iwe ndeaya:
- Dancer
- Builder
- Muumbi
- Actor
5 - Musical Intelligence
Strengths: Rhythm nemimhanzi
Vanhu vane unyanzvi hwakanaka hwemimhanzi vakanaka pakufunga mumapati, maitiro, uye manzwi. Vanonyatsokoshesa mimhanzi uye vanowanzova nheyo pamimhanzi nekugadzirwa.
Mamiriro
Unhu hwekuchenjera kwemimhanzi dzinosanganisira:
- Anonakidzwa nokuimba uye kutamba zviridzwa zvemimhanzi
- Anoziva mitambo nemimhanzi nyore nyore
- Zvakanaka pakuyeuka nziyo nenziyo
- Kunzwisisa kwakapfuma kwemimhanzi, rhythm, uye manotsi
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe uine simba mumagariro emimhanzi, sarudzo dzakanaka kwauri ndezvi:
- Muimbi
- Composer
- Muimbi
- Mudzidzisi wemimhanzi
- Mutungamiri
6 - Interpersonal Intelligence
Simba: Kunzwisisa uye kurondedzera kune vamwe vanhu
Avo vane unyanzvi hwakasimba hwekunzwisisa kune vakanaka pakunzwisisa nekubatana nevamwe vanhu. Vanhu ava vane unyanzvi pakuongorora manzwiro , zvinokurudzira, zvido, uye vavariro yeavo vakavapoteredza.
Mamiriro
Unhu hwekuchenjera humwe hunosanganisira:
- Zvakanaka pakukurukura nemashoko
- Unyanzvi pakusataurirana
- Anoona mamiriro ezvinhu kubva maonero akasiyana
- Kunoita hukama hwakanaka nevamwe
- Zvakanaka pakugadzirisa kukakavara mumapoka
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe uine simba mukati mekuchenjera kwevanhu, basa rakanaka raunosarudza iwe ndei:
- Psychologist
- Philosopher
- Mupi wezano
- Mutengesi
- Wezvematongerwo enyika
7 - Intrapersonal Intelligence
Simba: Kujekesa uye kuzvifungidzira
Vanhu vane simba muhuchenjeri hwepfungwa dzakanaka pakuziva mavo avo mazwi, manzwiro, uye zvinokurudzira. Vanowanzofarira kufungisisa uye kuongororwa, kusanganisira kufambidzana, kuongorora hukama nevamwe, uye kuongorora simba ravo pachavo.
Mamiriro
Zviratidzo zvekuchenjera kwepfungwa dzinosanganisira:
- Zvakanaka pakutsvaga simba rake uye kusava nesimba
- Anonakidzwa nekuongorora mafungiro nemaonero
- Zvakanaka kuzviziva
- Anonzwisisa zvakajeka hwaro hwezvaanoita zvinokurudzira uye manzwiro ake
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe wakasimba mukuchenjera kwepfungwa, zvakanaka maitiro ekushandira kwauri ndeaya:
- Philosopher
- Munyori
- Theorist
- Scientist
8 - Naturalistic Intelligence
Simba: Kuwana maitiro uye hukama kune zvisikwa
Zvinhu zvakasikwa ndezvokuwedzerwa kwekupedzisira kune fungidziro yaGarnner uye yakasangana nekurwisana zvakanyanya kupfuura mazano ake ekutanga manomwe. Maererano naHardner, vanhu vakakwirira mumhando iyi yehuchenjeri vari kuwirirana nemasikirwo uye vanowanzoda kufarira, kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kudzidza nezvedzimwe mhuka. Vanhu ava vanonzi vane ruzivo rwakanyanya kunyange kuchinja kusina kusimba kumamiriro avo ezvinhu.
Mamiriro
Zviratidzo zvekuchenjera kwepanyama zvinosanganisira:
- Kufarira nenyaya dzakadai semabhodane, biology, uye nyanzvi
- Zvakanaka pakugadzirisa uye kuverenga mashoko nyore nyore
- Unogona kunakidzwa nekudzika musasa, kushandura munda, kufamba, nekuongorora kunze
- Hafariri kudzidza nyaya dzisingazivi dzisingabatanidzi kune zvakasikwa
Zvichida Basa Rokuita Zvisarudzo
Kana iwe wakasimba muhuchenjeri hwemagariro evanhu, kusarudza basa rakanaka kwauri nderokuti:
- Biologist
- Conservationist
- Gardener
- Murimi
> Sources:
> Gardner H. Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences yezana remakore rechi21. New York: Basic Books; 1999.
> Gardner H. A Multiplicity of Intelligences . Yakabudiswa muna 2004.
> Gardner H. Nyaya dzeMangariro: Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books; 1983.
> Gardner H. Panyaya Dhatu dzeUngwaru. Daedalus. Zuva 2002; 131 (1): 139-142.