Kudzidza kwekucherechedza kunotsanangura nzira yekudzidza kuburikidza nekuona vamwe, kuchengetedza ruzivo, uyezve gare gare kudzokorora maitiro aive akacherechedza.
Overview
Kune maverengi ezvidzidzo zvekudzidza, zvakadai sechikoro chekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu , izvo zvinomiririra kuti zvakananga zvakadini, kusimbiswa, kana chirango zvinotungamirira pakudzidza.
Zvisinei, ruzivo rwakakura rwekudzidza runoitika zvisingaiti.
Somuenzaniso, funga nezvekuti mwana anotarisa sei vabereki vake vachivhiringidzirana uye otevedzera zviito izvi pachake. Chidzidzo chikuru chekudzidza chinoitika kuburikidza nenzira iyi yekucherechedza nekutevedzera vamwe. Mukufunga kwepfungwa , izvi zvinozivikanwa sekucherechedza kudzidza .
Kudzidza kwekucherechedza dzimwe nguva kunonziwo kuumbwa, kuenzanisa, nekusimbiswa kwakasimba. Kunyange zvazvo inogona kuitika chero ipi zvayo muhupenyu, inowanzowanzova yakajairika munguva yehuduku sezvo vana vachidzidza kubva kuvane simba uye vezera muupenyu hwavo.
Icho chinotorawo basa rinokosha mukugadzirisa hutano hwevanhu, sezvo vana vakadzidza maitiro ekuita uye kupindura kune vamwe nekucherechedza kuti vabereki vavo nevamwe vanochengeta vanobatana sei nevamwe nevamwe.
Iyo Inoshanda Sei
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Albert Bandura ndiye muongorori zvichida kakawanda anozivikanwa nokudzidza kuburikidza nekuona.
Iye nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti isu tinowanzofarira kuita chidzidzo chekucherechedza. Kutaura zvazviri, vana vaduku semazuva makumi maviri nemaviri vakaratidzwa kuti vatevedzere maziso uye miromo.
Kana iwe wakamboita zviso pacheche uye ukavatarisa ivo vanoedza kutevedzera mazwi enyu anonyadzisa, saka iwe unonyatsonzwisisa kuti kudzidzira kuongorora kunogona kuva simba rakasimba zvakadaro kubva paudiki zvikuru.
Bhuku raBhuura raanodzidza nezvemagariro evanhu rinosimbisa kukosha kwekudzidza kuchengeta.
MuBhobo yake yakakurumbira chiitiko , Bandura akaratidza kuti vana vaduku vangatevedzera zviito zvechisimba uye zvechisimba zvemuenzaniso mukuru. Mukuedza, vana vakatarisa firimu umo munhu mukuru akarova kakawanda, gorofu rinoputika bhovhoni. Mushure mokuona firimu remufirimu, vana vakabvumirwa kutamba muimba neBhobo doll chaiyo seyavakaona mufirimu.
Izvo Bandura akawana ndezvokuti vana vainyanya kutevedzera zviito zvechisimba zvevakuru kana munhu mukuru asina kugamuchira migumisiro kana kana munhu mukuru akakomborerwa zvechokwadi pamabasa avo echisimba. Vana vakaona mafirimu emavhidhiyo umo munhu mukuru akarohwa nokuda kwehutano hutsinye hwakanga husingakwanisi kudzokorora mafambiro gare gare.
Mienzaniso
- Mwana anotarisa amai vake vachipfekedza mbatya. Anonongedza dzimwe mbatya uye anotevedzera kupeta zvipfeko.
- Mumwe murume nomudzimai vechiduku vanoenda kune rimwe zuva kune imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa Chinese. Vanocherechedza dzimwe kudya mumaresitorendi vachidya zvidzitiro uye vachikopa zviito zvavo kuitira kuti vadzidze kushandisa mashizha aya.
- Mumwe mukomana anotarisa mumwe mukomana pabwalo rekutambira kupinda mumatambudziko ekurova mumwe mwana. Anodzidza kubva pakucherechedza kubatana uku kwaasingafaniri kurova vamwe.
- Boka revana rinotamba chivande-uye-vachitsvaga pavanonoka. Mumwe mwana anosangana neboka, asi haana kumbobvira atamba uye asati aziva chekuita. Mushure mokucherechedza vamwe vana vachitamba, anokurumidza kudzidza mitemo inokosha yemutambo uye anowirirana.
Zvinokonzerwa nezviitiko
Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwaBurura, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowedzera mukana wekuti mufambiro uchatungamirirwa.
Isu tinonyanya kutevedzera:
- Vanhu vatinonzwisisa sekushuva uye kukura.
- Vanhu vanogamuchira mibairo yezvavanoita.
- Pawakapiwa mubayiro wekutevedzera tsika munguva yakapfuura.
- Apo patinoshaya kuvimba mune zivo yedu kana mano edu.
- Vanhu avo vari mune chinzvimbo chekuremekedza muupenyu hwedu.
- Vanhu avo vakafanana nesu muzera, zvepabonde, uye zvinodiwa.
- Vanhu vatinoyemura kana kuti ivo vane hukama hwepamusoro hwehutano hwevanhu.
- Kana mamiriro acho akavhiringidza, asinganzwisisiki, kana asingazivi.
Real-World Applications
Ongororo yeBurura pamusoro pekucherechedza kwekucherechedza inomutsa mubvunzo unokosha: Kana vana vangangotevedzera maitiro ane utsinye anowanikwa pane firimu yepafirimu mubasa iri, hazvireviwo here kuti vachatevedzera chisimba chavanoona mumafirimu anozivikanwa, mapurogiramu ezerevhizheni , nemitambo yemavhidhiyo?
Nhaurirano pamusoro pechinyorwa ichi yakashungurudzwa kwemakore, nevabereki, vadzidzisi, vezvematongerwo enyika, uye vhidhiyo nemavhidhiyo emagetsi vanoita basa ravo nemafungiro avo pamigumisiro yechisimba chemashoko pamusoro pekuita kwevana. Asi kutsvakurudza kwepfungwa kunoratidzei?
Sunga kucherechedza zvechisimba
Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa Craig Anderson naKaren Dill vakacherechedza kuwirirana pakati pevhidhiyo mhirizhonga yemutambo uye unhu hutsinye uye vakaona kuti muhutori zvidzidzo, vadzidzi vaiita mutambo wemavhidhiyo ane chisimba vakaita sechisimba kupfuura avo vakanga vasina kutamba mutambo wechisimba. Muna 2005, American Psychological Association yakabudisa mushumo unopedzisa kuti kutarisana nemitambo yevhidhiyo inoshandiswa nechisimba kwakawedzera pfungwa dzinotyisa, manzwiro, uye maitiro.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti haisi kungoona zvechisimba zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro; zviratidzo zvekuita zvepabonde zvinogona kutungamirirawo kutevedzera. Chimwe chidzidzo chakaitwa muna 2004 nachiremba wezvepfungwa Rebecca Collins nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakawana kuti vechidiki vaitarisa zvakawanda zveterevhizheni zvine zvepabonde zvaive kaviri kacho kutanga kuita zvepabonde mukati megore rakatevera sevechiri kuyaruka vasina kuona zvirongwa zvakadaro.
"Zvechokwadi, vanhu vazhinji vanodya zvakanyanya zvemashoko echisimba, vakuru kana vechidiki, havangaperi mutirongo nekuda kwemhosva dzechisimba," Anderson akatsanangura mukupupurirwa kwakapiwa pamberi peSouth America Senate Commerce Committee. "Mubvunzo unonyanya kukosha ndewekuti vazhinji (kana vazhinji) vanhu vanowedzera kutsamwa, zvechisimba, uye zvechisimba nekuda kwekuratidzwa kune zvakakwirira zvemashoko ehurumende ... .. Mhinduro ndeyechokwadi 'hongu.'"
Achishandisa Observational Kudzidza Zvakanaka
Dzidziso yekucherechedza inowanzobatanidzwa kune zvakaipa kana zvisingadi, asi inogona kushandiswa kukurudzira maitiro akanaka.
Purogiramu yeTerevhizheni yakashandiswa kusimbisa hutano hwakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu munyika yose kusanganisira Latin America, Brazil, India, uye Africa. Semuenzaniso, masangano asiri ekubatsira akabudisa zvirongwa zvinotarirwa kudzivirira kutapurirwa kweHIV / AIDS, kuderedza kusvibiswa, nekusimudzira kuronga mhuri.
Dzidziso yekucherechedza inogona kuva chidzidzo chekudzivirira. Apo patinofunga pamusoro pechirevo chekudzidza, tinowanzotaura pamusoro pemirayiridzo yakananga kana nzira dzinotsigira pakusimbisa uye kurangwa . Asi kudzidza zvakawanda kunowanzoitika zvakanyanyisa uye kunotsigira kutarisa vanhu vanenge vakatipoteredza nekuenzanisa zviito zvavo. Iyi nzira yekudzidza inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasanganisira kushanda basa, dzidzo, kupa mazano, uye psychotherapy .
> Sources:
> Anderson, CA & Dill, KE Vhidhiyo yemavhidhiyo nemafungiro ane utsinye, manzwiro, uye maitiro mu laboratori uye muupenyu. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology. 2000; 78, 772-790.
> Anderson, CA Mitambo yemavhidhiyo ine utsinye inowedzera utsinye uye chisimba. US Senate Commerce Komiti inonzwa nezve "The Impact of Interactive Violence on Children." Yakadzorerwa kubva ku http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/caa/abstracts/2000-2004/00senate.pdf. 2000.
> Bandura, A. Dzidzo yekudzidza dzevanhu . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1977.
> Collins, RL, Elliott, M, Berry, SH, Kanouse, DE, Kunkel, D., Hunter, SB & Miu, A. Kuona zvepabonde pane terevhizheni kunofanotaura kutanga kwevechidiki zvekuita zvepabonde. Pediatrics. 2004; 114, 280-289.