Philosopher uye mudzidzisi
"Ndinotenda kuti dzidzo, saka, inzira yekurarama uye kwete gadziriro yehupenyu hwomunguva yemberi." - John Dewey, My Pedagogic Creed (1897)
John Dewey's Major Contributions
John Dewey akanga ari muzivi weAmerica uye mudzidzisi akabatsira kuwana ruzivo rwechirongwa, chidzidzo chefilosofi chaive chichizivikanwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Akanga achibatsirawo mune sangano rinopfuurira mune dzidzo, achitenda zvakasimba kuti dzidzo yakanakisisa inosanganisira kudzidza kuburikidza nekuita.
Upenyu
John Dewey akaberekwa Gumiguru 20, 1859, muBurlington, Vermont. Akafa June 1, 1952, muNew York City, New York.
Career
John Dewey akapedza kudzidza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeVermont uye akapedza makore matatu semudzidzisi wechikoro chesekondari muOff City, Pennsylvania. Akabva apedza gore achidzidza pasi pekutungamirirwa naG. Stanley Hall kuJohn Hopkins University muAmerica yekutanga yekuongorora pfungwa dzepfungwa . Mushure mokunge awana Ph.D. kubva kuna John Hopkins, Dewey akapfuurira kudzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeMichigan kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi.
Muna 1894, Dewey akagamuchira chigaro seasachigaro webazi refilosofi, psychology, uye kudzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeChicago. Yaiva paYunivhesiti yeChicago kuti Dewey akatanga kushandura maonero ake aizowedzera zvikuru kuchikoro chekufunga chinonzi pragmatism. Mushandi mukuru we pragmatism ndeyekuti kukosha, chokwadi kana zvinoreva pfungwa inowanikwa mumigumisiro yaro inoshanda.
Dewey akabatsirawo kusimbisa Yunivhesiti yeChicago Laboratory Schools, kwaakakwanisa kushandisa zvakananga dzidziso dzake dzechikoro.
Dewey pakupedzisira akabva kuYunivhesiti yeChicago ndokuva purofesa wefilosofi pa Columbia University kubva muna 1904 kusvikira asara mu 1930. Muna 1905, akava Mutungamiri weAmerica Psychological Association .
Contributions to Psychology
Basa raDewey raiva nechinonyanya kukosha panyaya dzepfungwa, dzidzo nefilosofi uye anowanzoonekwa somumwe wevanonyanya kufunga nezvezana remakore rechi20. Kunyanya kusimbisa dzidzo yekufambira mberi kwakabatsira zvikuru mukushandiswa kwekuedza pane kugadzirisa nzira yekutonga yekuziva. Dewey aivawo munyori akawandisa, achibudisa mabhuku anopfuura 1 000, zvinyorwa, uye zvinyorwa pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvidzidzo kusanganisira dzidzo, unhu, hupenyu, mafiroso, chitendero, tsika, tsika uye demokrasi pamusoro pemakore makumi matanhatu nemakore ekunyora basa.
Educational Philosophy
Dewey akatenda zvakasimba kuti dzidzo haifaniri kungova vadzidzisi vachiita kuti vadzidzi vadzidze pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki dzavanokurumidza kukanganwa. Akafunga kuti inofanira kuva rwendo rwezviitiko, kuvaka kune mumwe nemumwe kuvaka uye kunzwisisa zvitsva zvitsva.
Dewey akafungawo kuti zvikoro zvakaedza kuumba nyika yakasiyana kubva muupenyu hwevadzidzi. Zvidzidzo zvechikoro uye zviitiko zveupenyu zvevadzidzi zvinofanira kunge zvakabatanidzwa, Dewey akatenda, kana kuti zvimwe kudzidza kwechokwadi hakukwanisi. Kuchera vadzidzi kubva pamisungo yavo yepfungwa, kureva, mhuri uye mhuri, zvingaita kuti mafambiro avo ekudzidza ave asinganzwisisi uye zvichiita kuti dzidzo isingakanganwiki.
Saizvozvowo, zvikoro zvakare zvaidiwa kugadzirira vadzidzi vehupenyu munzanga kuburikidza nekugutsikana navo.
Selected Publications
- Chikoro neSosaiti (1900)
- Mwana uye Curriculum (1902)
- Zvatiri Kufunga (1910)
- Chiitiko uye Zvisikwa (1925)
- Philosophy uye Kubudirira (1931)
- Kuziva uye Anozivikanwa (1949)
Sources:
Dewey, J. (1897). My Pedagogic Creed. Chikoro Chechikoro, 54 , 77-80.
Hickman, P. (2000). John Dewey. Muskingum College, Department of Psychology. Yakawanikwa paIndaneti pawww.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/dewey.htm
Martin, Jay. (2003). Dzidzo yaJohn Dewey. Columbia University Press.
Neill, J. (2005). John Dewey, Baba Vemazuva Ano Vedzidzo Inodzidza. Wilderdom.com.
Soltis, JF "Dewey, John (1859-1952)." Encyclopedia of Education, The Gale Group Inc. (2002).