Mary Whiton Calkins aiva chiremba wepfungwa dzeAmerica akazova weAmerican Psychological Association wekutanga mutungamiri wevakadzi. Kunyange zvazvo akakodzera kuwana chiremba chechiremba mune zvepfungwa kubva kuHarvard, yunivhesiti yakaramba kumupa dhigirii nokuti akanga ari mukadzi. Pasinei neizvi, akazova munhu ane simba mukugadzirwa kwepfungwa yepakutanga uye akadzidzisa vadzidzi vakawanda kuburikidza nechinzvimbo chake paWellesley College.
Basa Rinonyanya Kuzivikanwa
- Self-psychology
- Kuwana mazano-shamwari dzekubatana
- Mukadzi wokutanga APA Mutungamiri
Timeline of Events
- Akaberekwa musi waMarch 30, 1863 muHartford, Connecticut.
- 1884 - Vakapedza kudzidza kubva kuSmith College.
- 1887 - Kutanga kudzidzisa chiGiriki paWellesley College.
- 1890 - Kutanga kupinda misangano kuHarvard yakadzidziswa naWilliam James naJosiya Royce.
- 1892 - Akabvumirwa kuHarvard se "muenzi."
- 1895 - Yakaendesa tsananguro yeHarvard faculty, asi yakarambwa nedhigirii.
- 1927 - Akabviswa paWellesley College.
- Akafa musi waFebruary 26, 1930 wekenza.
Makore ekutanga
Mary Whiton Calkins akatanga Smith College muna 1882 sa sophomore. Rufu rwa1883 rwehanzvadzi yake rwakatungamirira kusununguka kwenguva refu kwechikoro, kunyange zvazvo akaramba achidzidza kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvake zvake. Calkins akadzoka kuna Smith College muna 1884 uye akapedza kudzidza mumatongerwo enyika uye mafilosofi.
Mukutsvaga kwePychology:
Mushure mekunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuSmith College, Mary Whiton Calkins akashandira kudzidzisa chiGiriki paWellesley College.
Akanga achidzidzisa kwemakore matatu apo aipiwa kuti aipiwa nzvimbo yekudzidzisa munzvimbo itsva yepfungwa.
Kuti avedzidzise mune zvepfungwa, aifanira kudzidza nyaya yacho kwegore rimwechete. Kutambudzika neizvi ndechokuti kwaiva nemapurogiramu mashomanana epfungwa anowanikwa panguva iyoyo, uye kunyange zvishoma izvo zvinogamuchira vakadzi vanoedza.
Pakutanga aifunga kudzidza kune dzimwe nyika asi akasiya pfungwa iyoyo. Kureba uye kusasha kwebasa repfungwa rakamuvhiringidza kubva pakupinda purogiramu paYale uye University of Michigan.
Mushure memukumbikwa naWilliam James kuenda kune imwe yezvidzidzo zvake paHarvard, Calkins akakumbira kuti abvumirwe kugara-mukati mune zvidzidzo izvi. Akatanga kurambwa nehutungamiri hweHarvard, asi baba vake vose uye Mutungamiriri weWellesley College vakanyorera Harvard nokuda kwake.
Chikumbiro chakabvumirwa muna 1890, kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zveyunivhesiti zvakati "kuburikidza nekugamuchira ropafadzo iyi Miss Calkins haasi iye mudzidzi weYunivhesiti ine kodzero yokunyora" (Furumoto, 1980). Paaiva paHarvard, akaenda kumharidzo dzakapiwa naWilliam James naJosiya Royce uye akadzidza masayendisiti ekuongorora neDr. Edmund Sanford weClark University.
Achiri kuda kufambisa zvidzidzo zvake zvepfungwa, Calkins akakumbira zvakare kuti abvumirwe kudzidza kuHarvard naHugo Munsterberg . Chikumbiro chake chakapiwa muna 1892, asi nechipo chokuti akabvumirwa chete semueni, kwete semudzidzi.
Basa:
PaHarvard, Calkins akagadzira basa rekubatana-vaviri raisanganisira kuratidza vatori vechidzidzo mazita emhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye nhamba, ezvo vachiedza kuyeuka kweiyo nhamba yakanga yakabatanidzwa nemuvara.
Iyi nzira yakashandiswa kudzidza chiyeuchidzo uye yakazobudiswa zvakare naEdward B. Titchener , uyo akatsigira chikwereti kuburikidza nekubudirira kwayo.
Muna 1895, akamuratidza ruzivo rwekutsvaga , Ongororo yekuedza pamusoro pekubatana kwemazano, kune komiti yaipedza kudzidza yaisanganisira William James, Josiah Royce, uye Hugo Munsterberg. Pasinei nekubvumirana kwebumbiro remakurukota, Harvard akaramba kuramba achipa Calkins chiremba chaakawana.
Gare gare gore iroro, Calkins akadzokera kuWellesley College kwaakaramba achidzidzisa kudzimara kwake muna 1927.
Contributions to Psychology
Pamusoro pebasa rake, Calkins akanyora pamusoro pezana zana mapepa ezvinyorwa mune zvepfungwa nefilosofi.
Mukuwedzera pakuva mutungamiri wekutanga weAmerica Psychological Association, Calkins akashanda semutungamiri weAmerica Philosophical Association muna 1918.
Pakati pezvipo zvake zvakakura kune zvepfungwa ndezvekugadzirwa kwekambani yekubatana kwemaitiro uye inoshanda mumoyo-wepfungwa. Calkins aidavira kuti kuzviziva ndiko ndiko kwekutarisa kwepfungwa. Pasinei naMary Whiton Calkins mipiro, Harvard inoramba kuramba kwayo kwaakawana uye simba rayo panyaya dzepfungwa rinowanzorambwa nevanodzidza nevadzidzi.
Mabasa Akasarudzwa naMariya Whiton Calkins
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1892). Ongororo yePsychology paWellesley College. American Journal of Psychology , 5, 464-271.
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908a). Psychology se sayenzi yega. Ini: Ndiwo muviri wega here kana une muviri? Nyaya yeFizifiro, Psychology uye Scientific Method , 5, 12-20.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1915). Iwe pachako mune zvepfungwa dzezvesayenzi. American Journal of Psychology , 26, 495-524.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1930). Nhoroondo yeMaria Whiton Calkins. Muna C. Murchison (Mupepeti), History of psychology in autobiography (Chinyorwa 1, pp. 31-62). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
References: Furumoto, L. (1980). Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5, 55-68.