Robert Yerkes (May 26, 1876 - February 3, 1956) akanga ari nyanzvi yepfungwa yeAmerica yaakarangarirwa zvikuru nokuda kwebasa rake munzvimbo dzekuongorora kweunyanzvi uye kuenzanisa kwepfungwa. Iye anozivikanwawo nekutsanangura mutemo weJerkes-Dodson pamwe neshamwari yake John Dillingham Dodson. Yerkes-Dodson mutemo unoratidza kuti kune ukama pakati pekumhanya uye kushanda.
Munguva yeJerkes purezidhendi semutungamiri weAAPA, akazobatanidzwa pakuvandudza mauto eAlfa neBeta Intelligence Tests sechikamu chekuedza kweHondo Yenyika I. Miedzo yakashandiswa zvikuru panguva ino uye yakatorwa nemamiriyoni emauto eUnited States.
Kunyange zvazvo Jerkes aida kuti kuongororwa kwakaitwa huchenjeri hwekuzvarwa, zvakazoonekwa gare gare kuti dzidzo, kurovedza, nekugutsikana kwakaita basa rinokosha pakuita. Yerkes akazovawo munhu akakurumbira mumutambo we eugenics, uyo wakatsigira kuvhiringidzika kwakanyanya kwekupinda kune dzimwe nyika kuitira kuti arwise izvo aireva kuti "kurwisa kwemadzinza."
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa:
- Intelligence testing
- Kuenzanisa kwepfungwa
- Jerkes-Dodson mutemo
- Kunyanya kutsvakurudza
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Robert Yerkes akakurira purazi muBreadysville, Pennsylvania. Akaenda kuUrsinus College pakutanga achida kuva chiremba. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza muna 1897, Harvard University yakamupa imwe nzvimbo yekupedza kudzidza mu biology.
Paaidzidza paHarvard, akafarira kufanana nemhuka uye akatanga kudzidza kufanana kwepfungwa . Muna 1902, Jerkes akawana Ph.D. wake. in Psychology.
Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, Jerkes akatora nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuti abhadhara chikwereti chaakanga awana paaipedza dzidzo yake. Akatanga semubatsiri wepurofesa kuHarvard kudzidzisa kuenzanisa kwepfungwa uye akadzidzisa dzidzo mune zvepfungwa dzakawanda munguva yezhizha paRadcliffe College.
Akatorawo basa renguva yakazara semutungamiriri wekuongorora kwepfungwa paBoston Psychopathic Hospital muBoston, Massachusetts.
Career
Muna 1917, akasarudzwa mutungamiri weAmerican Psychological Association . Mushure menguva yeUnited States yapinda muHondo Yenyika I, Yerkes akakurudzira APA kuti ibatanidzwe pakupa ruzivo rwezvepfungwa kuhondo. Makomiti akaverengeka akaumbwa, kusanganisira imwe yakagadzirirwa kuongorora huchenjeri kuitira kuti vaone varwi vanobatwa avo vakanga vakanyatsokodzera nzvimbo dzakakosha.
Basa remakomiti, iro raisanganisira mafirologists seLee Terman , Henry Goddard, naWalter Bingham, vakatungamirira pakuvandudzirwa kweAlly Alpha uye Army Beta. Iko miedzo yakanga ichitarisirwa kusvika mamiriyoni maviri evanhu panguva iyo hondo yapera.
Iko miedzo inokosha mukupfungwa kwepfungwa nokuti ndiyo yaiva yekutanga kuongorora kwekuongorora uye yakabatsira kuparidzira pfungwa yekuongorora kweunyanzvi. Zvigumisiro zvekuedzwa zvakashandiswawo ne eugenicists kusimudzira mitemo yakawanda yekushambadzira kubvira munguva pfupi yapfuura vabva kune dzimwe nyika vaitora kuvhara muzviedzo. Kunyange zvazvo Jerkes akaratidza kuti miedzo yacho inongororwa chete nenyanzvi dzekuzvarwa, mibvunzo ivo pachavo yakaratidza zvakajeka kuti dzidzo uye kudzidziswa zvaive nemigumisiro pamigumisiro.
Contributions to Psychology
Robert Yerkes akabatsira zvikuru mundima yekuenzanisa kwepfungwa. Akatanga dangwe rekutsvakurudza laboratori muUnited States uye akashanda semutungamiriri wayo kubvira muna 1929 kusvikira muna 1941. Bhuku racho rakazozotumidzwazve zita rinonzi Yerkes National Primate Research Center.
Basa rake naJohn D. Dodson vakatungamirira mukusimbiswa kwezvinozivikanwa seYerkes-Dodson Mutemo. Uyu mutemo unoti kushanda kunowedzera nekumutsa, asi kungosvika pane imwe pfungwa. Kana kukwidza kunokwidzika kuve kwakakwirira kwazvo, kubudirira kunoshanda kuderera.
Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwake kwe eugenics kushandura migumisiro yeongororo dzake dzekunzwisisa kwakanga kusina kururama, basa rake mumunda wekuongorora kweunyanzvi rakasiyawo chiratidzo chisingagumi pane zvepfungwa.
Zvinyorwa Zvakasarudzwa naRobert Yerkes
Yerkes, RM, Bridges, JW, & Hardwick, RS (1915). Chimwe chiyero chekuyera kukwanisa kwepfungwa . Baltimore: Warwick uye York.
Yerkes, RM (1916/1979). Upenyu hwepfungwa hwemadhongi uye mapepa: kudzidza kwehupenyu hunhu . Delmar, NY: Nyanzvi 'Facsimiles uye Zvinyorwa.
Yerkes, RM (Mupepeti) (1921) Kuongorora kwepfungwa muUnited States Army. Memoirs ye National Academy of Sciences, 15 , 1-890.
Yerkes, RM (1941). Murume-simba uye kubudirira kweuto: nyaya yehuniki hwevanhu. Nhaurirano yeKubvunzurudza Psychology, 5 , 205-209.
Yerkes, RM (1943, 1971). Chimpanzees: A laboratory colony . New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation.
References
Fancher, RE (1985). Varume vane njere: Vaiti veIQ kukakavadzana. New York: WW Norton & Company.
McGuire, F. (1994). Mauto eAlfa neBeta anoongorora zvekuchenjera. Muna RJ Sternberg (Mupepeti), Encyclopedia of intelligence (Vol 1, pp. 125-129.) New York: Macmillan.
Murchison, Carl. (Ed.) (1930). Nhoroondo yePychology in Autobiography (Vol. 2, mapeji 381-407). Yakabudiswa nemvumo yeClark University Press, Worcester, MA.