Cocaine haisi kungoita mishonga yemugwagwa,
Pose apo shoko rokuti cocaine rinotaurwa, chinhu chokutanga chinouya mupfungwa ndechokushungurudzwa kwavo mumigwagwa uye nemigumisiro inotyisa yekuvimba nemishonga. Uye ndezvechokwadi, cocaine inowanzoshungurudzwa sechirwere chisina kunaka. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri nyore kukurukurwa, cocaine inewo kushandiswa kwechiremba.
Cocaine semugwagwa wemugwagwa
Panzira mumugwagwa, cocaine inotengeswa semafuta e-crystalline.
Iyi poda inoderedzwa kana "kutemwa" neshuga kuwedzera kukosha kwayo mumugwagwa. Cocaine yakashandurwa ikava mhirizhonga, iyo inotora maitiro ezvinyorwa zvisina kufanana zvakagadzirirwa zvinonzi "matombo."
Poda cocaine inogona kukonzerwa kana kuputika mumvura uye yakashandurwa kuva sarudzo inopindwa muzviputi. Kuramba kunopfungaira.
Kana ikashandiswa, cocaine inokonzera kufara. Inogonawo kukonzera kukura kwakanyanya, kusazvidzora, kutsamwa, uye paranoia. Cocaine inowedzera kuwedzera kweropa uye kutora mwoyo uye zvinogona kutungamirira kukurwara kwemoyo nekurohwa.
Cocaine semishonga
Cocaine ine chero inoshandiswa zvakakodzera uye inoyevedza yepamusoro yemapurisa anesthetic. (Nzira dzinoshandiswa pamusoro peganda rinoshandiswa paganda.) Somuenzaniso, chimbofunga chirevo chinotevera:
IAmerican Academy yeOtolaryngology-Musoro uye Neck Surgery, Inc. inofunga kuti cocaine inofanirwa kunyanzvi uye inoshandisa vasoconstricting iyo inoshandiswa sechikamu chekurapa kwechiremba nachiremba. Hapana imwe mishonga imwe chete inobatanidza kushandiswa kwemasimba uye vasoconstricting ye cocaine.
Mukururama, chokwadi chokuti cocaine ine anesthetic maitiro haifaniri kushamisika kune vamwe vaverengi vanoziva kuti cocaine uye lidocaine vane makemikari emakemikari, uye lidocaine inoshandiswa seanesheti panguva yekuita mazino. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinomanikidzira kunyatsoongorora cocaine sechiremba.
Cocaine: Kunyatsoongorora
Cocaine is derived in alkaloid yakagadzirwa kubva kumashizha ecaca. Koka mazai anokura paErythroxylum Coca , muti unowanikwa muSouth America.
Kocaine inonyanya kunyorerwa mumucheka membrane kusanganisira michina yemhino nemuromo, inotsanangura kuti sei vanhu vanoshandisa chirwere ichi vachichikuvadza kana kuchikuya pamasana avo.
Sezvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa, cocaine inoshanda pauropi nekudzivirira reuptake ye dopamine-"kunzwa zvakanaka" neurotransmitter. Cocaine inoshandawo nekuvhara reuptake yevana neurotransmitters serotonin uye norepinephrine, iyo inobatsirawo kukurumidza kwenguva refu kana kufara kwenguva yakareba mushure mekupedza. Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nemishonga zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kwemhepo yepamusoro uye kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kweropa pamwe nekuwedzera mukuzvivimba, kusvinurira, nekugara zvakanaka.
Nokufamba kwenguva, kushandiswa kusingaperi kwekodineine kunoderedza kukanganiswa kwemagetsi e-neurotransmitter metabolite saka kunopindira zvachose muuropi hunoita basa. Zviratidzo zvekushungurudzwa kusingaperi zvinosanganisira chido chakasimba chekuwedzera zvinodhaka uye manzwiro ekutsamwa, kuputika kwechisimba, paranoia, uye kuora mwoyo. Maitiro akadzokorora anogonawo kutungamirira kumagetsi emagetsi, chirwere chemwoyo, kugumburwa, psychoses, kupera kweputi, kusagadzikana kwepabonde, nekufa.
Mukuwedzera kune powder, cocaine inogonawo kushandiswa nenzira yekupenga. Kuputika ndeyero-machena "dombo" inoshandiswa neammonia kana kubika soda. Kukonzera dombo kunopfungirwa kana "kusununguka" kushandiswa kwepipe pombi.
Kuputika kwakanyanya kunyanya, kukanganisa, uye kune ngozi kupfuura cocaine powder. Vanhu vakashandisa kukanganisa kamwechete vakave vakapindwa muropa. Uyezve, kupwanya mabomba kunopisa zvakanyanya zvokuti zvinogona kukuvadza miromo nemuromo zvichiguma nekubuda ropa. Kana vanhu vachigovera pombi, vanogonawo kugovera zvirwere zvinotakura ropa seHIV.
Cocaine seAnesthetic
Cocaine ndiyo inonyanya kushanda inyanzvi yeanesthetic inoshanda iyo inodzivisa mafungiro emagunha.
Kunyanya kuburikidza nekudzivirira norepinephrine kukura, cocaine inokonzera vasoconstriction uye anesthesia.
Sezvokurapa, cocaine inoshandiswa panguva yekutonga kunosanganisira nzvimbo yepamusoro yokufema. Mukuwedzera kune anesthesia uye vasoconstriction yepamusoro yepamusoro yepamusoro, cocaine inowedzerawo mucosa kana mucous membrane.
Cocaine inoshandiswa panguva yekurapa inouya nenzira yehutongedzero. Iyi cocaine hydrochloride solution inouya muzvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana: imwe yezana, yechina muzana kana 10 muzana. Nemhaka yezvinogona kutyisa, kazhinji kacho chete chikamu chimwe chete kana zvina muzana zvinogadziriswa zvinoshandiswa.
Cocaine inogona kunge inotambura nechinetso chemufananidzo. Nokuti vanhu vazhinji vanongonongedza izvi zvinodhaka nekushungurudzwa, kushandiswa kwayo kunotya, kushorwa, kana kuparadzaniswa. Muzvokwadi, zvakadaro, semamwe mishonga yakawanda inowanzoshungurudzwa, kusanganisira mbanje, opioid, uye (zvichida) MDMA , cocaine inoshandiswa zvakanaka uye inobatsira. Ndapota cherechedza, zvisinei, kuti kliniki inoshandiswa yekodineine inonyatsovharirwa kuchipatara apo inotungamirirwa nachiremba. Cocaine yakatengwa kubva mumugwagwa inogara iine ngozi.
Sources
> Drug Fact Sheet: Cocaine. www.dea.gov
Prosser JM, Perrone J. Chitsauko 181. Cocaine, Methamphetamine, uye Dzimwe Amphetamines. Muna: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, T. eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
O'Brien CP. Chitsauko 24. Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka. Muna: Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.