Maererano nehutatu hutatu hwemavara, iyo inozivikanwawo seYoung-Helmholtz nheyo yekuonekwa kwemavara, pane zvitatu zvinogamuchira mu retina izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuona kwemavara. Rimwe rekotori rinonzwisa ruvara rwemavara, rumwe ruvara ruvara rwebhuruu uye rwechitatu kune ruvara rutsvuku. Iyi mivara mitatu inogona kusanganiswa kuti igadzire chero ruvara rwakaonekwa mumitambo.
Trichromatic Theory: Chimiro
Tinoona sei ruvara? Nhamba dzakawanda dzedzidziso dzakabuda kuti dzinotsanangura ichi chiitiko, uye chimwe chezvokutanga uye chakanyanya kuzivikanwa chaiva chetatu inonzi trichromatic.
Vaviri vanotsvakurudza vanozivikanwa, Thomas Young naHermann von Helmholtz, vakapa ruzivo rwetsika yechinyorwa chemavara. Dzidziso iyi yakatanga apo Thomas Young akarondedzera kuti maonero emirasi anoguma kubva pane zviito zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana. Pakazosvika 1802, Vechidiki vakaratidza kuti ziso raiva nemasero e-photoreceptor akasiyana-siyana akange achinzwisisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevevelengths of light munharaunda inooneka.
Yakanga iri gare gare pakati pemakore ekuma1800 apo mutsvakurudzi Hermann von Helmholtz akawedzera pamusoro pechidzidzo cheChina chepakutanga uye akaratidza kuti ma-receptors ejinga maziso aive mafupi-yevelength (bhuruu), kati-wavelength (ruvara), kana kuti yakareba-yevelength (tsvuku) . Akarongedzawo kuti yakanga iri simba rezviratidzo zvakaonekwa nemasero e-receptor akacherechedza kuti uropi hwakashandura sei muvaraidzo mumamiriro ezvinhu.
Helmholtz yakawana kuti vanhu vane mavara akasiyana-siyana vanoda zvitatu zvevhenekeri zvekuvhenekera kuti vaumbe mavara akasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nezvikamu zvekuedza.
- Helmholtz yakashandisa zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana apo vatori vechikamu vaizochinja mararamiro ematatu ekusiyana kwechiedza kuti aenzane nemuvara wokuedzwa.
- Vatori vechikamu vakanga vasingakwanisi kuenzanisa mavara kana vakashandisa mawenga maviri chete, asi vanogona kuenzanisa chero ruvara mumutambo kana vakashandisa zvitatu.
- Dzidziso iyi yakazozivikanwa seYoung-Helmholtz nheyo yekuonekwa kwemavara.
Ratidza Receptors
Kuzivikanwa kwevatatu vanogamuchira zvigaro zvemavara hazvina kuitika kusvikira makore anopfuura 70 mushure mekutsvaga kwetsika yekuona zvakanakisisa. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti majee emakona ane maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekudya. Mucherechedzo ndiyo mvumo inowanikwa mu retina iyo inokonzera kuonekwa kwemavara maviri uye tsanangudzo.
Izvo zvakagadziriswa zvekoni zvinopesana mukugadzirisa zviyero zvichienderana nehuwandu hweopsin amino acids mumubati. Zvitatu zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadziriswa ndezvi:
- Short-wavelength cone receptors,
- Mid-wavelength cone receptors, uye
- Long-wavelength cone receptors.
Trichromatic Theory uye Opponent Process Process
Munguva yakapfuura, nharo inonzi trichromatic yaiwanzobudiswa sekukwikwidzana nevanopikisa nzira yekutsvaga mukutonga mukutsanangura maonero emira. Nhasi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvose zvinyorwa zvinogona kushandiswa kutsanangura kuti maonero ezviratidzo zvinoshanda sei uye kuti nharo imwe neimwe inoshanda kune imwe nzira yakasiyana yekuona. Inonzi trichromatic theory inotsanangura kuti mavara anoonekwa sei pamashandiro ekugamuchira. Mupikisi gadziriro yekunyora, kune rumwe rutivi, inopa tsanangudzo yekuti inoshanda sei pamapurisa emapurisa.
> Sources:
> Goldstein, EB (2009). Kunzwa uye Kuziva. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
> Young, T. (1802). Chidzidzo cheBakeria: Pamusoro Pechidzidzo cheChiedza nemirase. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. London. 92: 12-48. doi: 10.1098 / rstl.