Maitiro Avanotsanangurwa uye Icho Chikwata Chinoenderana Nedzi 70 Chinorevei
Apo isu tinowanzonzwa zvizhinji zvekutaura pamusoro pepamusoro uye pasi pekuchenjera quotient (IQ) scores , vanhu vazhinji havasi kunyatsoziva kuti izvo zvinyorwa zvinorevei chaizvo.
Tsanangudzo yeBlack IQ Score
Nhamba ye IQ ye70 kana pasi inonzi inotora chikamu. Yeuka, pamatambudziko akawanda akaenzana eunyanzvi , huwandu hwepakati hunogadzirirwa pa100. Chinhu chipi nechipi chinopfuura 140 chinoonekwa sepamusoro kana genius-level .
Makumi makumi matanhatu nesere kubva muzana zvezvikamu zvose zvinopinda mukati kana kupfuura zvishoma zvishoma gumi nemashanu zvezvinoreva (saka pakati pe 85 ne115).
Saka zvinorevei kuva neanomwe makumi manomwe kana pasi? Mukare, IQ yepamusoro pasi pe70 yakaonekwa sechiratidzo chekutadza kwepfungwa, kuremara kwepfungwa kunoratidzirwa nehutachiona hwekushaya pfungwa.
Nhasi, zvisinei, IQ zvidzidzo dzoga hazvisati zvashandiswa kuongororwa nekuremara kwepfungwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvinotarisirwa kugadziriswa zvinosanganisira IQ ye70 kana pasi, uchapupu hwekuti kukanganisa uku kunonzwisisika kwakange kuripo musati wava nemakore gumi nemasere, kusakosha kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzakadai sekudzidza nekufunga, uye nekukanganisa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sekukurukurirana uye kuzvibatsira unyanzvi. Kuremara kwepfungwa ndiyo inowanzosangana nehutano hwekuvandudza uye inobata anenge 0.05 muzana kusvika 1.55 muzana yevanhu vose.
Kurondedzera Low IQ Zvikoro
Ivhareji yepakati pane dzakawanda IQ miedzo ndeye zana, uye inenge 68 muzana yevanhu vose vanoverenga pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pe 85 ne 115.
Kune avo vanowira pasi pe85, zvikwata zvinowanzorongwa nenzira inotevera:
- 1 kusvika ku24-Kuremara kwepfungwa yakawanda
- 25 kusvika ku39-Kuremara kwepfungwa kwakanyanya
- 40 kusvika ku5-Kuremara kwepfungwa
- 55 kusvika ku69-Kuremara mupfungwa
- 70 kusvika ku79-Kupera kwepfungwa kwakagadzikana
- 80 kusvika ku89-Pakati pakati
Nhoroondo ye Low IQ
Intelligence quotient is a score from a test standard that is designed to measure intelligence.
IQ miedzo yakangoerekana yakatanga mumavambo ekutanga kwema1900 nekutangira kweBinet-Simon kuedza, iyo yakazogadziriswa uye yakazozivikanwa seStanford-Binet. Binet akatanga chirongwa chake chekutanga kuti abatsire hurumende yeFrance inozivisa vadzidzi vane njodzi dzisina njere dzinoda rubatsiro rwekuwedzera kuchikoro.
IQ miedzo yakaratidzwa kuva yakakurumbira zvikuru mukati mepfungwa dzepfungwa uye nevanhu vose, asi pane zvakawanda zvinokakavadzana pamusoro pechiratidzo cheIQ chekuyera uye kuti yakarurama sei.
Mafungiro akwegura emakaderera eIQ aitarisirwa kuisa pfungwa pane zvekuziva, asi dzimwe nzira dzemazuva ano dzinomanikidzawo kuti munhu anoshanda zvakadini mupfungwa uye munzvimbo dzehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Vanhu vane IQ yepasi pasi makumi manomwe 70 vanogona kuonekwa kuti vane urema hwepfungwa kana vakawanawo kukanganisa mune zvikamu zviviri kana zvinopfuura izvo zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwezuva nezuva huvepo. Mienzaniso yekuzvibata kwakadaro kunosanganisira kukwanisa kuzvitarisira iwe uye kukwanisa kutaura uye kubatana nevamwe vanhu.
Izwi rokuti "kurasika kwepfungwa" raimboshandiswa kurondedzera vanhu vanoonekwa vaine IQ shoma, asi shoko iri ikozvino rinotaridzirwa sechinhu chinonyadzisa uye rakanyanya kuchinjwa neshoko rokuti "chirwere chokuvandudza pfungwa" kana "kuremara kwepfungwa." Izwi rinotangira rinoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvirongwa, kusanganisira mamwe magwaro ekuongorora uye nekuda kwe inshuwarisi.
Zvinokonzera Zvikonzero zveUkuremara Kwepfungwa
Zvikonzero zvinonyanya kukosha zvekuremara kwepfungwa zvinosanganisira:
- Mamiriro ezvinhu akadai seArt syndrome
- Zvinetso panguva yekuzvitakura izvo zvinokonzera kukura kweuropi zvakadai sekushandisa zvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka
- Basa uye matambudziko ekutakura, zvakadai sekusawana oxygen yakakwana pakuzvarwa
- Kukuvadza kwakadai sekumusoro kwekutambudza uye zvirwere zvakadai se-meningitis uye kukanganiswa kwekutora
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association (APA). Chii Chinonzi Kuremara Kwepfungwa? Yakavandudzwa muna July 2017.
> American Speech-Mutauro-Kunzwa Sangano. Unhu Hwokuvimbika. 2017.
> McKenzie K, Milton M, Smith G, Ouellette-Kuntz H. Chirongwa chekuongorora kwehuwandu uye kuitika kweIntellectual Disability: Current Trends and Issues. Nhoroondo dzekuvandudza dambudziko rezvino . June 2016; 3 (2): 104-115. doi: 10.1007 / s40474-016-0085-7.