Shanduro yemazuva eDMM inoita kuti dzimwe shanduko dzive nharo.
Shanduro yakange yakamirira kwenguva refu yeDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders - DSM-5 kwenguva pfupi-yakatsamwisa vamwe vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa uye vamiririri vane murwere, zvose izvo zvaisanganisira uye hazvina kuisa, iyo yakabudiswa neAmerica Psychiatric Sangano munaMay 2013.
Kwemakore, DSM yave ichizivikanwa se "bhaibheri chepfungwa." Iyo inobata zvinopfuura kungoongororwa kwehutano hwepfungwa - iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa mari yveshuwarenzi nekuremara, inokanganisa kuwanika kwezvidzidzo zvepamusoro uye zvehutano hwevanhu, uye inowanikwa mumatare edzimhosva.
Iyi shanduro yemazuva ano, yechishanu, yakanga yava nemakore anoverengeka mukugadzira - makore akaona kukakavhiringidza kwakanyanya pamusoro pezvimwe zvekushandurwa kunoitwa. Mamwe nhengo dzemakomiti anoshandisa mubhuku idzva akatozvirambidza mukupikisa kwekuchinja kwakasiyana.
DSM-5 seChirangariro Chekushandisa
Iyo DSM inonyora nzira yekuongorora zvinhu zvakadai sekusawirirana kwepfungwa ( schizophrenia ), zvinetso zvepfungwa (kufanana neBipolar ), zvinetso zvekuzvidya mwoyo , kushungurudzika kweunhu (kufanana nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu ), matambudziko-uye zvinokonzera kushungurudzika (zvakadai sePTSD ), uye vakawanda , mazhinji akawanda.
Kune chirwere chimwe nechimwe, pane urongwa hwezviratidzo zvakananga uye maitiro ainofanira kana kuti haafaniri kuvapo kuitira kuti chirwere chiongororwe. Kazhinji imwe nhamba yezvinhu zvakarongwa zvinofanira kuvapo, pane dzose.
Semuenzaniso, mu bipolar disorder, kunze kwekushungurudzika kwemanzwiro, zvitatu kusvika zvina zvezvi zviratidzo zvinomwe kana maitiro zvinofanirwa kuvepo kuti zviongorore mamiriro acho ezvinhu:
- Kuzvidzivirira kuzviremekedza kana kufarira
- Kupera kwekudiwa kwekurara
- Kukurukurirana zvakanyanya kudarika nguva dzose, kana kutaura kwakamanikidzwa
- Akavhunduswa nyore
- Kuwedzera mune chinangwa-chinotungamirirwa basa
- Kuwedzeredza kupinda muzvinhu zvinokuvadza
DSM-5 Kusawirirana: Autism, ODD, Bipolar
Paiva nekuchema kukuru kwevanhu kana magetsi mana akasiyana-siyana aive akanyorwa muchina yeDMM, kusanganisira Asperger's Syndrome, akabatanidzwa kuva chirwere chimwe chete, Autism Spectrum Disorder, yeDMM-5.
Varwere iye zvino vanowanikwa neAsperger uye vabereki vavo vanotya kurasikirwa nehutano hwevanhu uye zvekudzidzisa. Zvisinei, hazvisi pachena kana izvi zvakaitika sezvo kuchinja kweDMM kwakaitwa.
Vamwe vari munharaunda yehutano hwepfungwa vakatsamwisa zvikuru kusanganisira chirwere chakanga chiri muchirongwa chekare, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Kuongororwa kunosanganisira vana uye vechidiki vanotaura kumashure nevabereki nevadzidzisi, avo dzimwe nguva vanoramba kuteerera masimba mashoma, uye vanorasikirwa nehasha dzavo nyore, vanonyora kuti mwana kana kuti "kuyaruka" mupfungwa "zvisina kufanira.
Chakanga chisina kuwedzerwa chaiva chirwere chechipatara bipolar disorder (inonziwo mwana-allt bipolar disorder, kana COBPD). Pane kudaro, chiitiko chitsva chinowanikwa chakasikwa rinonzi Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Dambudziko iri rinotarisa nguva dzose, kutsamwa kukuru uye kusagadzikana kana kutsamwa pakati pavo.
Kuvhiringidza Maitiro Dysregulation Disorder inogona kuonekwa pamwe chete neMajeri Depression Disorder (MDD), asi kwete neBipolar disorder. Kana iwe uchitarisa zviratidzo zvebipolar disorder muvana, sekubatanidzwa nehuduku bipolar nyanzvi Demitri Papolos, MD, nemudzimai wake Janice Papolos, uchaona zvimwe zvakafanana uye zvimwe zvakasiyana pakati peizvi uye zvemwana akawanikwa ane DMDD uye MDD .
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Mhinduro
National Institute of Mental Health Director Dr. Thomas Insel haana kuonekwa saDMM-5, asi pakutanga - akataura kuti DSM-5 yakabudiswa muna 2013 ichienda mberi, "NIMH ichadzoka zvakare kuongorora kwayo kure nemakambani eDMM, "nechinangwa chekugadzira hurongwa hunosanganisira genetics, biomarkers, uropi hunotarisa uye zvimwe zvepanyama uye nekuongororwa kwezvirwere zvepfungwa.
Inenzi yakanyora, "Kunyange zvazvo DSM yakatsanangurwa se'Bhaibheri 'yemunda, zvinenge, zvakanakisisa, duramanzwi, zvichigadzira seti yemavara uye kujekesa imwe neimwe." Kutsigira "kuvimbika" kweDMM, Insel yakaonekwa kune vamwe kuti vadzoke yese inotsigira DSM-5.
Zvisinei, vhiki mbiri chete gare gare kudhinda kusunungurwa kwakabudiswa neNIHM uye yakanyorerwa pamwe neInsel naJeffrey A. Lieberman, MD, Mutungamiri-vakasarudzwa, APA, vakatsanangurira nzvimbo yeInsel yakambotumira mabhuku. Kunyanya, kusunungurwa kwemashoko kunoti:
Mazuva ano, American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM), pamwe neInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD), inomiririra ruzivo rwakanakisisa iye zvino ruwanikidzwa mukurapwa kwehutano hwepfungwa. Varwere, mhuri, uye vatsigiri vanogona kuva nechivimbo chokuti mushonga unoshanda huripo uye kuti DSM ndiyo chinhu chikuru chekugovera zvakanakisisa kutarisirwa. I National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) haina kuchinja nzvimbo yayo pa DSM-5.
Zvisinei, NIMH ichiri kuronga kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza huwandu hwehutano hwekuongorora hutachiona, kunyange zvazvo sangano rinobvuma kuti iyi iradi purogiramu yakareba. Kutsvakurudza kwemangwana mumunda kuchadikanwa kuve "kunotarisana nehutano hwemamiriro ekucherechedza uye neurobiological measures" kuitira kuti zvikwanire mari yeNIMH mari.
Onawo: Chii chinonzi DSM-5?
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders, Fifth Edition: DSM-5 . Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. 124-125, 156. Print.
Insel, Thomas. Bhuku reMutungamiriri: Kuchinja Kuziva. National Institute of Mental Health.
Lane, Christopher, PhD. NIMH Inodzinga Kutsigira kwe DSM-5. Psychology Nhasi .
Insel, Thomas, naLieberman, Jeffrey. DSM-5 uye RDoC: Shared Interests. National Institute of Mental Health.