Vechiduku Vanodhaka Kusvuta
Kushandisa zvinodhaka pakati pevechiri kuyaruka chinetso chinowanzoitika.
Imwe mishonga yekushandisa tsvakurudzo yevadzidzi vekusekondari yakawanikwa:
- 72% vakataura kuti vakambomwa doro
- 42% vakanwa doro mumwedzi wapfuura
- 24% vaiva vanonwa doro, vane 5 kana zvimwe zvinwiwa mumutsara kamwechete mumwedzi wapfuura
- 37% vakanga vambosvuta marijuana uye 20% vakasvuta mbanje mumwedzi wapfuura
- 20% vakanga vatora mishonga yemishonga pasina mushonga
- 11% vakanga vashandisa inhalants
- 6% vakanga vashandisa cocaine, 4% vakanga vashandisa methamphetamines, uye vanopfuura 2% vakanga vashandisa heroin
Aya mazinga akakwirira ekudhakwa nekushandisa zvinodhaka anoita kuti kuongorora kwepasi rose kuve kwakakosha. Kutaura zvazviri, American Academy of Pediatrics inokurudzira kuti vose vari kuyaruka vaongorwe fodya, doro, uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinodhaka pavanenge vachiongorora vana.
Drug Screening
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti patinotaura pamusoro pekuongorora zvekudhakwa nekushandisa zvinodhaka, hatisi kutaura pamusoro pekuenzanisa kwemishonga pasi rose, umo vana vose vane chirwere chemishonga.
Universal drug screening inokubatsira kuti uone kuti ndiani ari pangozi yekushandisa zvinodhaka nekuvabvunza - asi kwete neropa rega kana urini kuedzwa.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzevana dzinoshandisa zvikamu zviviri zviri nyore uye zvakajeka CRAFFT Screening Tool kubva kuCent for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research (CeASAR) paBana's Hospital Boston kuti vatarise vechidiki chekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka nekushandisa doro.
Inotanga nekubvunza mibvunzo mitatu pamusoro pokuti kana wechiduku anonwa doro, anosvuta mbanje, kana kuti anoshandisa chero chimwe chinhu kuti awedzere.
Kana wechidiki achipindura hongu kune chero ipi zvayo mibvunzo iyoyo, ivo vanozobvunzwa mamwe matanhatu emibvunzo yeRAFFT, a mnemonic achishandisa mazwi makuru mubvunzo:
- C - Wakambotakura muCAR inotungamirirwa nemumwe munhu (kusanganisira iwe) uyo "akakwirira" kana akanga achishandisa doro kana zvinodhaka?
- R - Unoshandisa doro here kana kuti zvinodhaka kuRELAX , unzwe zviri nani pamusoro pako, kana kukodzera?
- A - Iwe unoshandisa doro / madhiragi paunenge uri woga, HERE ?
- F - Unombosangana nezvinhu zvawakaita uchishandisa doro kana zvinodhaka here?
- F - Ko mhuri yako kana VAMWE VAKO VAKO VAKUTI VANHU VAKUTI VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VAKUTI VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VAKUTI VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU ?
- T -Wakatopinda muchirwere apo wakanga uchinwa doro here kana kuti zvinodhaka?
Imwe pfungwa inopiwa nokuda kwega yega yeshu kumibvunzo ye CRAFFT. Vaya vechidiki vane zvikamu zveviri kana kupfuura zvinofungidzirwa kuti vane chinyorwa chinoyevedza, uye maererano neAAP, "vari pangozi yekushandisa dambudziko rekushandisa zvinhu." Kunyange chikwata cheRAFAFFT chimwe chinogona kuratidzira njodzi ine mwero yokuva nezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinoshandiswa, kunyange zvakadaro, uye inogona kuratidza kudiwa kwekupindira.
Uyewo, ramba uchifunga kuti kunyange ivo vechidiki vanoramba kushandisa chero mishonga kana doro vanofanira kuramba vachibvunzwa mubvunzo we CRAFFT 'Car'.
Mukuwedzera pakukwanisa kupa mazano madiki kukurudzira vechidiki kuti varege kunwa doro kana kushandisa mamwe mishonga, uye vachivataurira kurapwa kana zvichidiwa, kuongorora kwepasi rose kunobvumira vanachiremba kupa vana vaduku vanorayira kwete dhirairi kana doro kushandiswa ne "pfupi yakajeka mhinduro pamusoro kukwanisa kwavo kuita sarudzo dzakanaka. "
Kuongorora Zvinodhaka
Mwana wenyu ari kuyaruka anoshandisa zvinodhaka here?
Vane shamwari itsva here, dhesi muzvikoro, kana kuti vari kupinda mumatambudziko zvakawanda here? Vabereki vakawanda vanokurumidzira kutarisa kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kana vachinetseka kana kufunga kuti vana vavo vangave vachishandisa zvinodhaka.
Zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti vechidiki vanoongorora zvirwere zvinonyanya kuoma kupfuura kungotenga kuongororwa kwemishonga yemusha, kutora mishonga yemishonga yenyu yekuongorora mishonga kuchikoro, kana kutotora mwana wenyu kumwana wavo kuchipatara kuongorora.
Zvinhu zvokufungisisa zvinosanganisira izvo:
- IAAP inopesana nekuongororwa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka zvevechidiki
- chirwere chekushandisa zvinodhaka chingave chisina kunaka kunyange kana wechidiki ari kushandisa madhiragi kana kuedza kwaitwa kwemazuva maviri kusvika matatu mushure mekupedzisira nguva yemishonga yakashandiswa (window yekuona)
- kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka zvinowanzosanganisira kushandiswa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, zvakadai sewaini, ecstasy, uye inhalants
- Miedzo yezvinodhaka inogona kukundwa nevechidiki kana urinho urwu inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, inoshandiswa nemuenzaniso weumwe munhu, kana kana muenzaniso wacho uchiita upombwe, kunyanya kana wechidiki asina kunyatsocherechedza achipa urinho samuenzaniso
- Kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kunogona kuonekwa sechisimba chisingadikanwi chekuzvidzivirira uye chinogona kuumba "nzvimbo yekutsamwa, kusavimbika, uye kusafungirwa" pakati pevechidiki nevabereki vavo
Uyewo, kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka dzimwe nguva kunogona kuoma kushandura, kunyanya paunotarisana nechiitiko chinokanganisa-kuedza kwechirwere kunobatsira nekuda kwemishonga inopfuura-the-counter kana zvokudya, zvakadai sembeu yapoppy.
IAAP inotaura kuti kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kunogona kuitwa semuedzo wokuongororwa kune vechidiki mukurapa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka. Kuzvipira kwemishonga yekuzvidira kunogonawo kushandiswa, maererano neAAP, "apo zvakakosha kuziva chikonzero chekusava nemafungiro asina kunaka uye zvimwe kuchinja muhutano hwepfungwa kana kusava nemafungiro emuviri."
Zvisinei, panzvimbo yekutsvaga zvinodhaka, vechidiki vanofungidzirwa nezvekushandisa zvinodhaka, asi avo vanoramba kushandisa zvinodhaka uye doro kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, zvinogona kunge zvichitaurirwa kune "unyanzvi hwehutano hwehutano hwekuongorora, kupa mazano, uye kurapwa sezvinodiwa." Yeuka, chirwere chisina kunaka chekushandisa zvinodhaka hachisi kureva kuti mwana wenyu achiri kuyaruka haashandisi zvinodhaka kana doro, uye kuongororwa kwechirwere kunogona kuita kuti kutumirwa kuve kwakadaro.
Miedzo yezvinodhaka
Kuwedzera kune kuongororwa kwechirwere chemishonga uye kuchikoro-based based testing, iyo iyo AAP inopesana, zvirongwa zvezvinodhaka zvinogona kuitwa kana zvakakodzera zvinosanganisira mapirisa ekushandisa zvinodhaka izvo zvinogona kuedza mishonga mashanu kusvika kune gumi, kusanganisira:
- Amphetamines (amphetamine uye methamphetamine)
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines (Valium uye Xanax)
- Cocaine metabolite
- Marijuana metabolite (pa20, 50, kana 100 ng / mL skrini)
- Methadone
- Methaqualone
- Opiates (morphine, codeine, hydrocodone)
- Phencyclidine
- Propoxyphene
Ethyl doro rinowanzowedzerwa kune vazhinji vezvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa zvinodhaka, zvakare.
Yeuka kutarisa zvinobudirira uye hutano usati waita chirongwa chemishonga pamwana wako.
Sources:
American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Shandisa Kushandisa Kuongorora, Kupindira Muchidimbu, uye Kuendesa Kurapwa Kwevanachiremba. Pediatrics 2011; 128: 5 e1330-e1340.
American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Doro Rinoshandiswa Nevechidiki Nevana Vachiri Kuyaruka: Chirwere Chepabonde. Pediatrics 2010 125: 1078-1087.
American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Kuongororwa Kwezvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa muvana nevana vaduku: Kuwedzera - Kuongorora muzvikoro uye kumba. Pediatrics Vol. 119 Nha. 3 March 2007, peji 627-630.
American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Report. Fodya, Doro, uye Zvimwe Zvinodhaka: Basa rechiremba wevana mukudzivirira, Identification, uye Kutungamirirwa kweDambudziko rekushandisa Dambudziko. Pediatric 2005 115: 816-821.
CDC. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2009. MMWR. Vol. 59. Kwete SS-5. June 4, 2010.