Kurapa Kwemishonga, Kunopupurirwa Kwakawanda Kwakawedzerwa Kunoshamisa
Pane kusava nechokwadi zvishoma kuti heroin inoshandisa iko kudzoka kuUnited States apo kuwedzera kwenhamba yekukurumidza kwemishonga isina kutenderwa kuUnited States uye kukurumidza kukurumidza kwekufa kwevakafa kunoparidzwa munyika yose.
Misiyano ikozvino heroin inoshandiswa haisi kungogumira kumakona erima uye kumashure kumashure kweguta reAmerica, iri kuwana nzira yaro kumigwagwa yekumaruwa kumigwagwa, mumigwagwa yomuguta remugwagwa, uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro-dzimba muNew York City, kudzvora pamapoka ose evanhu.
Kuzosvika kwaHerinoni
Inenge zuva rega rega, nhau dzekuteerera kwemitemo uye vashandi vezvehutano munyika yose dzinoparidza kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwe heroin kudarika kwekufa. MuVermont, Gov. Pete Shumlin akapira kero yake yose yegore negore ra2014 kuBumbiro rezvematongerwo enyika kune izvo zvaakadana kuti heroin dambudziko muhurumende.
Kuwanda kwemazuva ano uye kusvika kune heroin kushandiswa munharaunda kwakaratidzwa mukufa kweChikoro Chikwata-Mutambi wechirangaridzo Philip Seymour Hoffman , uyo akawanikwa akafa ane nhovo mumaoko ake uye masaga makumi manomwe e heroin muimba yake ye $ 10,000-mwedzi yeNew York .
Heroin Kushandisa Inowedzera Kuwedzera
Maererano nedhenda kubva kuDhina Dambudziko uye Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), heroin iko yakashandura zvakanyanyisa kune vanhu vane makore 12 kusvika ku49 kubva pakati pa2007 ne2011. Zvisinei, chiitiko chinenge chichidzokorora kushandiswa kwekutanga, sekuda kwenhamba avo vakarovedzwa kukwira.
- Vashandi vekare vema heroin vakabuda kubva 373,000 muna 2007 kusvika 620 000 muna 2011, asi vakaramba kusvika 435 000 muna 2014 uye 329 000 muna 2015.
- Avo vakapindwa muropa ne heroin vakawedzera kubva pa179,000 muna 2005 kusvika ku 369 000 muna 2011 uye kusvika ku 591 000 muna 2015.
- Vashandi vokutanga vedheroin vakabuda kubva ku 106,000 muna 2005 kusvika 212,000 muna 2014 asi vakaramba kusvika 135 000 muna 2015.
- Nguva yekutangwa kwe heroin kushandiswa kune makore vaduku kubvira muna 2005 kusvika muna 2010 asi yakadzoka uye muna 2014 yakanga yakwegura kupfuura kare pane makore 29.6.
- Chimiro chakanaka ndechokuti vamwe vashandisi vanopinza heroin vari kutsvaga kurapwa, vachiwedzera kubva 26 muzana muna 2003 kusvika 46 muzana muna 2013. Vakawanda havana kurindira kana kwevhiki imwe chete vakamirira kupinda muchipatara muna 2013.
Heroin Overdose Rufu Kuwedzera
IU.Drug Drug Enforcement Administration yakagadzira 2016 Nyaya Yenyika Dzekuona Kutyisa Dambudziko rekushandisa kushandiswa kwemashoko anopfuura makumi chiuru ehurumende uye emunzvimbo masangano ekudzivirira mitemo. Maererano neshumo reDAA, rufu rwakapiwa heroin kudarika zvakasimuka zvakanyanyisa kubva muna879 muna 2004 kusvika kune 10 574 vakafa muna 2014. IAA yakaratidza kuwedzera kwe heroin kudarika kufa kune zvinhu zvitatu:
Kuwanika kweHigh-Purity Heroin
Mutevedzeri weMutemo mahofisi munzvimbo dzose umo kuwedzerwa kweheroin kudarika kufa kwevanhu kwakaratidzwa zvakare kunowedzera kuwedzera kwekuchena-heroin kunowanikwa mumugwagwa. Kuderera kwakadziva kumadokero kwakadzika heroin kwakawedzera 352 muzana kubvira muna 2008 kusvika muna 2015, maererano neDEA. Vakuru vehurumende vanotenda kuti kuwedzera kweHinorin yakachena kuUnited States inouya kubva kuMexico uye kuSouth America, ichiwedzera kusvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo yenyika inoshandiswa nenzira isina kuchena yemishonga.
Kunyora Drug Drug Abusers Kuenda kune Heroin
Kuparara kwehurumende nehurumende zviremera pamutemo wekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka mhirizhonga kwakave nezvimwe zvisingatarisirwi nemigumisiro.
Chinangwa chekuvhara "mapiritsi epiritsi" uye "chiremba kutengesa" akaita mishonga yemishonga yakaita seOxyContin zvakaoma kuwana uye inodhura.
Nekudaro, vazhinji vaimbova mapiritsi mapiritsi vakavhiringidza vakava heroin panzvimbo nokuti yakange iri nyore uye inodhura. Vanhu vaimboshandisa mushonga wepiritsi marwadzo asingashandisi mishonga aiva makumi maviri nematatu akawanda anowanzoshandisa heroin kushandiswa kupfuura vasiri varairi vanodzvinyirira, maererano neSAMHSA.
Ichokwadi, mushumo weSAMHSA wegore ra2013 wakaratidza kuti vanenge makumi mana kubva kune mashanu (79.5 muzana) yevashandisi vatsva vaHinin vakambotambudza chirongwa chekurwadziwa kunorwadza. Kuteerera mutemo uye vakuru vehutano vanotaurawo kuti vazhinji vevashin heroin vanosangana nepamusoro pekushandiswa kwemishonga inoshandiswa zvisina kunaka.
Heroin Itsva Vashandi Vaiva Vaduku
Chimwe chikonzero DEA vakuru vakuru vanofunga kuti chinokonzera heroin kudarika kufa kwevanhu ndechekuti vamwe vanhu vakanga vachishandisa mushonga mudiki. Ivhareji yemakore ekutanga kushandiswa heroin yakadonha zvikuru kubva muna 2007 kusvika muna 2010, inosvika pakaderera makore 21.4. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvakachinja uye nguva yekutanga yakakwira kumashure makumi maviri negumi nemakumi mana nemashanu muna 2014. Kufa kwevakawanda kunogona kuonekwa, mune chikamu, chekuti vechidiki vakawanda vanodhakwa . Kubatanidzwa kunogona kuva yakaipa.
Chii Chinonzi Ngozi?
Kune ngozi mbiri huru mukushandisa heroin: inodhaka zvikuru uye ine ngozi yakawanda yekunyanyisa kudarika. Kusiyana nemishonga yemishonga, heroin tsvina uye muyero wezviyero zvinogona kusiyana zvakasiyana-siyana. Chaizvoizvo, mushandisi we heroin haatombozivi kuti ndeyero yehuwandu hwavanotora.
Kana mumwe munhu achishandiswa kushandisa fomu ye heroin iyo yakanyanya "kutemwa" kana kuti "yakatambanudzwa" nekuisanganisa pamwe nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa uye vanoerekana vawana batch heroin yakachena, migumisiro inogona kuuraya.
Yakabatana Nemimwe Zvinodhaka
Dzimwe nguva heroin vatengesi vanosanganisa mishonga nezvimwe zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, batch ye heroin inotengeswa mumabhegi akanzi "Theraflu," "Bad Ice," kana "Revenue Tax" yakasanganiswa nepamusoro peinkiller fentanyl uye yainzi mhosva yekufa kwevanhu makumi maviri nezviviri muPittsburgh, vachiratidza zvakare kuti vashandisi ve heroin uzive zvavari kuwana.
Uyezve, heroin ndiyo inowanikwa yakawanda isina kuwanikwa inobatanidzwa mune zvinokonzerwa nedoro uye / kana zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Kunwa doro kune chero ipi zvayo opioid inonyanya kuipa nekuti zvose zviri pakati pehutano hwemamiriro ezvinhu anonyadzisa anogona kuyananidza kuti amise kufema kwomunhu.
IAA inoshanda kuronga izvi kuburikidza nekuwedzera kuzivikanwa pakati pevashandi nevasimistori ve heroin uye mishonga yemishonga yemishonga.
> Sources:
> Nhengo dzeZvibvumirano Zvisungo Zvisungo Reliever Kushandisa uye Kutanga kweHerinis Shandisa muUnited States . Kudhakwa Kwemishonga uye Mental Health Services Administration. http://archive.samhsa.gov/data/2k13/DataReview/DR006/nonmedical-pain-reliever-use-2013.pdf.
> 2016 National Drug Threat Assessment. US Drug Enforcement Administration. https://www.hsdl.org/c/2016-national-drug-threat-assessment/.
> Mhinduro kubva kuZvinyorwa Zvenyika Yose muna 2015 pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka uye Utano: Tsanangudzo dzeTables. Kudhakwa Kwemishonga uye Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015.htm.