Kubatanidza maitiro nehutachiona hunobudirira zvikuru
Kusiya heroin kunogona kunge kwakaoma zvikuru, asi kune avo vane chido chechokwadi kana chikonzero chekurega, pane mararamiro akasiyana-siyana anowanika uye kuregererwa kunogona zvachose. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose maitiro ekurapa uye marapirwo emishonga.
Zvose zvinoshandiswa pakurapa, maitiro uye pharmacological, zvinogona kushanda zvakasiyana-siyana, asi kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kubatanidza maitiro maviri ekurapwa kunonyanya kushanda kune vamwe vashandisi ve heroin.
Kunyatsogadzirisa zvirongwa zvekurapa kunoonekwa sekubudirira kana vasingangobatsiri mutseguru wacho kuti ave asina hanya, asi zvichienderana nemumwe munhu, uyezve kudzorera chidimbu che "chimiro" muuropi kushanda uye mufambiro, kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwemabasa, kuderedzera njodzi yeHIV nezvimwe zvirwere, uye kuderedza kuipa kwemhosva.
Detoxification
Kazhinji, vashandisi ve heroin vachapfuura nepurogiramu ye detoxification vasati vatanga chirongwa chekurapa kwenguva refu. Munguva yekutengesa, varwere dzimwe nguva vanopiwa mishonga yekuderedza kusununguka kwezviratidzo , izvo zvinogona kusanganisira kurwadziwa, chirwere, kusuruvara, uye kurutsa.
Kunyange zvazvo detoxification purogiramu pachayo isiri kushaya mushonga kurapwa , inogona kuva danho rekutanga rinobudirira apo rinotevedzwa nehutano hwemitambo kana kurapwa kwemishonga, maererano neNational Institute pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka.
Pharmacological Treatment
Mishonga yakagamuchirwa kuitira kurapwa kwe heroin kushandiswa kwemishonga kuburikidza nemashizha epioid muuropi iyo heroin inoshanda, asi yakachengeteka.
Iyi mishonga inogoverwa kuva mhando mitatu: agonist, iyo inoshandisa opioid receptors; chikamu chechigonist, chinoshandisa maogioid receptor asi chinounza mhinduro shoma; uye vanopikisana, izvo zvinovhara mutezo uye naizvozvo nemigumisiro inobatsira yeopioid.
Mishonga inowanikwa kuti inoshanda pakurapa heroin inosanganisira:
Methadone (Dolophine kana Methadose) inonzi opioid agonist inotorwa nemuromo uye, naizvozvo, inononoka-kuita. Inoshanda nekuderedza "yakakwirira" kuti vashandisi ve heroin vanoona panguva imwe chete vachidzivirira zviratidzo zvekudzoka.
Methadone inopiwa kuvarwere zuva rega rega kuburikidza nekubvumirwa kunze kwepurogiramu dzokurapa zvirongwa . Yekare kudarika mishonga yemakemikari ye heroin inodhaka , iyo ichiri nzira inobatsira kune varwere vasina kupindura zvakanaka kune mamwe mishonga, maererano neNIDA.
Buprenorphine (Subutex®) chikamu chinonzi opioid agonist. Inoshanda kuburikidza nekudzikisa kuda kwe heroin pasina "kukwirira" kana kuipa kwemigumisiro yeopioid.
Suboxone imishonga inobata buprenorphine uye naloxone, inotorwa nemuromo kana zvinyorwa. Yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kuedza nevarwere kuti vawedzere nekujova mishonga . Kana Suboxone ichijowa, inobereka zviratidzo zvekudzorera zvinoshandiswa nemushandisi kana asingatori mishonga mumuromo sezvaanenge ataurwa.
Buprenorphine yakagamuchirwa kuti inyoreswe navanachiremba vanozivikanwa, vachiita mazuva ose kuenda kune kliniki zvisina kufanira sezvinodiwa nemethadone. Izvi zvinoita kuti kurapwa kuwedzereke kupfuura methadone. Generic versions yeSuboxone inowanikwawo, ichiita sarudzo shoma.
Naltrexone (Dhamba kana Revia) anopikisa opioid . Inoshanda nekuvhara basa reopioid muuropi. Naltrexone haisi kudimburira, kunyoresa uye hakuiti kuti munhu avimbe.
Chimwe chinogumira kubudirira kweNaltrexone chave chichienderana nemoyo murefu, asi kwenguva refu, injectable version yemishonga (Vivitrol) inogona kutarisirwa kamwechete pamwedzi yakagadzirisa kutevedza kwevarwere nekubvisa maitiro ezuva nezuva.
Kurapa Kwokurapa kweHerin Addiction
Kune mishonga yakawanda yehutano inowanika heroin zvinodhaka izvo zvakawanikwa zvichibudirira nekutsvaga kweNIDA. Iko inowanikwa mune zvose zviripo uye kunze kwekugadzirisa.
Zvimwe zviviri zvezvirevo izvi ndezvokugadzirisa maitiro uye kugadzirisa-maitiro ekurapa.
Mune chirongwa chekugadzirisa nyaya, varwere vanowanzowana mapepa mune voucher-based system yega yega yezvinodhaka kuongorora mishonga. Ikokuvha inogona kuchinjana pane zvinhu zvinokurudzira mararamiro anorarama.
Mukufungidzira-maitiro ekurapa , varwere vanodzidziswa unyanzvi hwokudzivirira kuzvidya mwoyo uye vakadzidza kuchinja zvavanotarisira uye maitiro ane chokuita nekushandisa zvinodhaka .
NIDA tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti zvose zverapi idzi dzinoswedera kushanda zvakanyatsobudirira kana zvichisanganiswa nekurapa kwemishonga.
Sources:
National Institute on Drug Abuse. "Heroin." Research Report Series Nyaya yaJanuary 2014
Kubatana paDrugFree.org. "Heroin." Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka .