Anenge zuva rimwe nerimwe tinotsanangura uye tinoongorora hupenyu hwevanhu varipoteredza. "Ane unhu hwakadaro," unogona kutaura nezvomumwe shamwari. "Anowana unhu hwake kubva kuna baba vake," iwe unogona kutaura pamusoro pemwanakomana wako ane rambunctious. Apo patinopedza nguva yakawanda tichitaura nezvounhu, vanhu vazhinji havasi kunyatsoziva chaizvo kuti sei uye sei hupenyu hwepfungwa hwechokwadi hunenge huri.
Pasinei nokuti tinozviziva here kana kuti kwete, maitiro aya ezuva nezuva ekuti sei uye nei vanhu vachiita sezvavanoita zvakafanana nehuunhu hwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoita sei. Kunyange zvazvo kuongororwa kwedu zvisina kufanira kwehutano kunowanzoisa pfungwa kune vamwe, unhu hwepfungwa dzepfungwa pane kushandisa pfungwa dzehupenyu hunogona kushandiswa kune wese. Unhu hwekutsvakurudza hutungamiri hwakakonzera kukurudzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei uye nei humwe unhu hunhu huchikura.
Ngatinyatsoongororei chaizvo izvo vanodzidza nezvepfungwa vanorevei pavanotaura pamusoro pehupenyu, maitiro avanoita unhu hwevanhu, uye dzimwe dzidziso huru dzeunhu.
Tsanangudzo
Kunyange zvazvo kune mazano akawanda ehuhu, chiito chekutanga ndechokuti unzwisise chaizvo zvinorehwa neshoko remunhu. Izwi unhu huripo hunobva kune rechiLatini izwi persona , iro rinotaura nezvechikwata chemazamu chinopfekedzwa nevashandi kuitira kuti pane chinangwa chakasiyana-siyana kana kuvanza ruzivo rwavo.
Tsanangudzo pfupi ndeyokuti unhu hunoumbwa nemafungiro emafungiro emanzwiro, manzwiro, uye maitiro anoita kuti munhu ave akasiyana. Mukuwedzera pane izvi, unhu hunobuda kubva mukati memunhu uye hunoramba husingagumi muupenyu hwose.
Ungatsanangura sei unhu? Izvozvi zvinongova zvishomanana zvezvitsanangudzo izvo zvakave zvichibudiswa nevamwe vakasiyana-siyana vepfungwa:
- "Izvo zvinobvumira kufanotaura kwezvingaitwa nomunhu mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu." -Raymond B. Cattell, 1950
- "Sangano rinosimba mukati memunhu weavo vane pfungwa dzepfungwa dzinogadzirisa mafungiro ake nemafungiro ake." -Gordon W. Allport, 1961
- "Nzira dzakasiyana dzemafambiro (kusanganisira pfungwa uye zvakanaka se'kukanganisa, 'kureva, manzwiro, uye manzwiro nezviito) izvo zvinoratidza munhu mumwe nomumwe nekutsungirira." -Walter Mischel, 1999
- "Unhu hunoreva vanhu" maitiro emafungiro, manzwiro, uye mufambiro, pamwechete nemigadziro yepfungwa - yakavanzika kana kwete- seri kwemaitiro iwayo. " -Funder, 2001
- "Kunyange zvazvo pasina tsanangudzo imwe chete inogamuchirwa kune unhu hwose hwemashoko, tinogona kutaura kuti unhu huri tsika yehupenyu husingaperi uye hunhu hune humwe hunoita kuti zvose zvigadzirise uye zvakasiyana nemunhu." -Feist uye Feist, 2009
Nepo kune mazano akawanda akasiyana ehuhu, hukuru hunotarisa pamuitiro wekuzvibata uye unhu hunogona kubatsira kufanotaura nekutsanangura maitiro evanhu. Kutsanangurwa kwehupenyu kunogona kutarisa pane zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichibva pamagumo ezvinyorwa zveunhu hunhu hunoenderana nebasa rezvakatipoteredza uye ruzivo mukuumba unhu hweunhu.
Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinogona kuita basa mukukudziridza uye kuratidzwa kweunhu hunosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekurera vana uye tsika. Izvo vana vanosimudzwa zvinogona kuvimba nehutarisi hwemunhu mumwe nomumwe uye mazano ekurera vana vevatarisi pamwe chete nemitemo uye zvinotarisirwa zvemitemo yakasiyana.
Components
Saka chii chinonyanya kuumba unhu? Sezvinorondedzerwa mune tsanangudzo dziri pamusoro apa, unotarisira kuti zviito nemafungiro emafungiro nemanzwiro zvinowanzoita basa rinokosha. Mamwe emamwe maitiro anokosha emunhu anosanganisira:
- Kubatana: Pane kazhinji kuonekwa kurongeka uye nguva dzose kuzvibata. Chaizvoizvo, vanhu vanoita nenzira imwechete kana nenzira dzakafanana mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
- Mafungiro uye zvepanyama: Unhu hunovakwa kwepfungwa, asi tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti inobatanidzwawo nekugadzirwa kwezvisikwa uye zvido.
- Inogadzirisa maitiro uye zviito: Unhu hahungoti hunoita kuti tifambe uye tiite sei mumamiriro edu ezvinhu; zvinotitadzisawo kuita mune dzimwe nzira.
- Mitsara yakawanda: Unhu hunoonekwa mune zvinopfuura kungoita maitiro. Inogonawo kuonekwa mupfungwa dzedu, manzwiro, ukama hwepedyo, uye kumwe kushamwaridzana kwevanhu.
Nhema
Pano pane nhamba dzedzidziso pamusoro pokuti unhu hunokura sei . Zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa mukupfungwa kwepfungwa zvinokonzera zvizhinji zvezvirevo izvi. Zvimwe zvemashoko makuru aya pamusoro pehupenyu zvinosanganisira:
- Nyora mafungiro ndiwo maonero ekutanga pamunhu. Idzidziso idzi dzakaratidza kuti pane nhamba shoma ye "hutsika huri" hunoenderana nehupenyu hwehupenyu.
- Matongero edzidziso anowanzoona unhu semugumisiro wehumukati hunhu hunoenderana nemazwi.
- Pfungwa dzePyydydynamic dzounhu dzinonyanya kutungamirirwa nebasa raSigmund Freud uye kusimbisa simba rekusaziva pfungwa pamunhu. Dzidziso dzePyydydynamic dzinosanganisira Sigmund Freud's psychosexual shanho yedzidzo uye matanho eErik Erikson ekusimudzirwa kwepfungwa.
- Nzira dzekuzvibata dzinoratidza kuti unhu hugumisiro hwekukurukurirana pakati pemunhu nemamiriro ezvinhu. Maitiro evanhu vese vanoongorora dzidziso dzinoonekwa uye dzinoenzaniswa, kazhinji kusatarisa basa remukati nepfungwa. Maitiro evanhu vanodzidza mazano anosanganisira BF Skinner naJohn B. Watson .
- Dzidziso dzevanhu dzinotsigira kukosha kwekusarudza kusununguka uye ruzivo rwomunhu oga pakuvandudza unhu. Humanist theorists dzinosanganisira Carl Rogers naAbraham Maslow.
Psychology Applications
Kutsvakurudza pamusoro pehupenyu kunogona kupa ruzivo runonakidza kuti unhu hunokura sei uye hunochinja munguva yeupenyu hwose. Tsvakurudzo iyi inogonawo kuva nemakosha anokosha ekushandisa munyika chaiye.
Semuenzaniso, unhu hwekuongorora hunhu hunowanzoshandiswa kubatsira vanhu kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pavo uye simba ravo rakasiyana-siyana, kusava nesimba, uye zvavanoda. Zvimwe zviongorori zvinogona kutarisa kuti vanhu vanongoronga sei pahumwe hutsika, zvakadai sokunge ivo vakakwirira mukutaura, kuve nehanya, kana kusununguka. Zvimwe zviongorori zvinogona kuenzanisa kuti zvakananga sei unhu hwehupenyu hunoshandura pamusoro pekufambira mberi. Unhu hwakadaro hunogona kushandiswa kubatsira vanhu kuti vaone basa ravanogona kuita, kuti vanogona sei kuita mune mamwe mabasa ekushanda, kana kuti nzira yakadini yepfungwa inobatsira.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunzwisisa kwepfungwa yehupenyu unopfuura kungoita zvidzidzo zvedzidzo. Zvakawanikwa kubva pakutsvakurudza kwehupenyu zvinogona kuva nezvakakosha kushandiswa munyika yezvemishonga, hutano, bhizinesi, zvehupfumi, teknolojia, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti humwe unhu hunhu hunogona kuve hwakabatanidzwa kurwere uye hutano hwekuita. Nekuvaka kunzwisisa kwakanakisisa kwokuti unhu hunoshanda sei, tinogona kutsvaga nzira itsva dzekunatsiridza hutano hwehupenyu hwevanhu uye hurumende.
> Sources:
> Carducci, BJ. The Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. New York: Wiley Blackwell; 2009.
> John, OP, Robins, RW, & Pervin, LA. Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research. New York: Guilford Press; 2008.