Maiti Opioids Angaita Sei Kuti Ude Kupfuura
Murume wangu anoita seanodarika chero paanotora chero marwadzo anorwadza narcotic. Akanga achingova nechinangwa chokudzorera uye aive ne morphine pump uye [akapfuura]. Ipapo vakamupa tramadol uye [akabuda] nezvowo. Akavewo akabuda nekhodi, codeine uye Percocet. Ropa rake rinodonha uye rinopa munhu wese anotyisa.
Zvinotevera ndezvekubatsira kunzwisisa maopiates zviri nani uye hazvirevi senzira yekurapa.
Kupera
Opiyasi-mishonga yakabva zvakananga kubva ku opium kana kuti inogadzirwa ye opium-inogona kukanganisa kurasikirwa uye zvichida kufa.
Iyi mishonga inonziwo narcotics . Donhi muropa reropa rinowanzojairika. Vashanduri vemazuva ano vanotora mishonga yeapiate kuti ibvise marwadzo pamwe nekuderedza basa remoyo mukati meimwe mhando dzemwoyo dzinosangana nedambudziko rinowanzoitika (kazhinji kurwadziwa kwepfupa panguva yekurwadziwa kwemoyo kana kushungurudzika kwemoyo kwemoyo). Chiito chinotungamirira kukatsika kwemuzasi kweropa muopiates chinhu chimwechete icho chinoderedza kushanda kwemwoyo.
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani maopiates anoita zvavanoita, ngatitange nekuona zviratidzo zveopiate overdoses.
Opiate Background
Iyi mishonga inowanzoshandiswa kurwadziwa, asi ine nhoroondo refu yekushungurudzwa. Maopiates vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti morphine, vicodin, codeine, oxycontin uye heroin. Kune mimwe mishonga yakawanda mune iri kirasi inowanika uye vazhinji vane mazita akasiyana mune dzimwe nyika (Rapifen naTrstecen vanozivikanwa mazita muUnited States). Heroin, yakagadzirwa neBayer Company (hongu, yakafanana neAspirin-uye yakabudiswa mutengesi gore chete chete), haina kutongerwa mutemo muUnited States kubva muna 1924 uye haisisiri zvekutengeswa munyika yose, kunze kwekuti iwe uchitarisa kutengeswa kwemutemo.
(Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kusiyana nemishonga yepamutemo, maoripi asingabvumirwi nemutemo haatongorongedzeri uye kuchena kwavo kunogona kunge kusingazivikanwi, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera pakuwedzera.)
Kunze kwekutonga maopiates therapeutically (kazhinji morphine, asi vanobatsira mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanogona kutakura matanho akasiyana) varapi vemapurisa vanowanzodanwa kuti vabate opiate overdoses.
Pane zviratidzo zvitatu zvekare zvei opiate overdose:
- Kusanzwisisa. Murwere anenge nguva dzose asingateereri.
- Vadzidzi vese (dzimwe nguva vanotumidzwa kuti pinpoint vadzidzi)
- Murefu ari kufema zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti asingafemera zvachose. Izvi zvinonzi apnea kana kuporesa kusungwa.
Izvo zvakanyanya kufanana neopiate overdoses zvinowanikwa nevarapi vezvematongerwe enyika zvinosanganisira heroin, asi chero mishonga ye opiate inogona kuita zviratidzo nezviratidzo zviri pamusoro.
Matambudziko ane opiate mishonga haangoitiki chete nekudarika. Mamwe maopiates, morphine imwe yeivo, inokonzera kuderera mukati maviri musimba simba uye ropa. Izvo zvinoitika zvichiri kuongororwa uye zvinoratidzika kuti haisi mishonga yose ye opiate yakasikwa yakaenzana. Zvechokwadi, maitiro edu kune opiates ari evanhu chaiwo, zvinoreva kuti kutarisana kwemunhu mumwechete nemigumisiro kune mishonga yakafanana ne morphine kana fentanyl inogona kunge yakasiyana zvikuru nemumwe munhu.
Mishonga yakawanda yeipiate inoshandura ropa rega munhu haigoni kufanotaurwa, asi kuziva kuti ropa rinogona kuchinjwa kunotibatsira kuti tive vakagadzirira kuti zvigone kuitika. Kunze kwechinangwa chipi nechipi chinonzi mishonga inonzi opiate inogona kuva neropa, kune mamwe maitiro ehupi anokanganisa kukanganiswa kweropa uye pamwe zvinobatsira kupera, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Histamine naHerinini
Izvozvi, heroin zvinodhakwa zvinoratidzirwa seiri kuchenesa nguva dzose uye kuparadzira zvakawanda. Panogona kuva nechikonzero cheizvozvo; maopiates anoita kuti kusunungurwa kwe histamine muropa. Handizopindi ma mechanics chaiyo kana kuti sei sei izvi zvichiitika (hazvisi kunzwisiswa chero zvakadaro) asi histamine chinhu chimwe chete chinosunungurwa panguva yehutano. Kurwisa kweAirgic kunokonzera kuora, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Histamine inobatanidzwawo mune anaphylaxis, iyo inoratidzika yakaoma iyo inogona kutyisidzira upenyu. Zviratidzo zvevanaphylaxis zvinowanzobatanidza kudzvinyirira kweropa.
Inosanganiswa nekunowedzera kuderedzwa kweropa revamwe maopiate, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kudonho rakanyanya muropa uye kupera simba.
Opiate-Inobvumira Kuvharwa
Mafiripi anowedzera mamwe maitiro emasumbu anotsemuka, kusanganisira sphyncters. Kunze kwekutungamira kuvadzidzi vasina simba, maopiates anonyatsorongedzerwa zvinokonzera kubatwa. Vashandi venguva refu vanokwanisa kukura zvakasimba izvo zvingaita kuti zviputike mumutsara wepamuviri.
Kugadzikana kwepamuviri kunokonzera vagus nerve, iyo inotungamirira kumaderera emitima yemafuta uye madonhwe muropa. Kugumburwa ndechimwe chikonzero chinokonzera kukanganisa nekuda kwekurumidza kurasikirwa kweropa.
The Bottom Line
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvimwe zvekare kare zvinorwadza zvinowanikwa zviripo, kuchine zvakawanda zvatisingazivi kana kunzwisisa pamusoro pemishonga ye opiate. Nezvose zvinogona kugadziriswa nemigumisiro yeapiates, kurasikirwa kweropa kushata kwakakwana kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekuziva (kukanganisa) hakusi kunze kwemubvunzo. Kuwedzera zvinokonzerwa neapiates uye kushanda kwavo kuderedza kufema kunongowedzera zvinhu zvakaoma.
Zvakakosha zvikuru kutevera mazano kune mishonga yose (mishonga uye pamusoro pekambani). Semuenzaniso, matanho e oxycodone anoti "zvinogona kukonzera mutsipa, kuchena kwepamusoro, uye kupera simba paunomuka nekukurumidza kubva panzvimbo inoreva nhema."
Pakupedzisira, kune vamwe vanhu, mishonga yeapiate zvingasava mhinduro. Asi kupa chikamu chinokosha izvo zvinorwadza izvi zvinogona kutamba zvinogona kutamba, zvakakosha kufungisisa zvingasarudzwa nachiremba munyaya dzinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwakanyanya. Nekugadzirisa unyanzvi, kuchengeteka uye kuchenjerera titration - pamwe nehutano hunokonzerwa nekurwadziwa nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu-hunogona kuwanikwa.
> Sources:
> Baldo, BA, uye Pham, NH. "Histamine-kubudiswa uye zvisikwa zvemaopioid zvinodhaka zvinodhaka: kugadzirisa zviri zviviri." Anaesth Kunyatsoteerera . 2012 Mar; 40 (2): 216-35. Kudzokorora. PubMed PMID: 22417016.
> Camilleri, M. "Opioid-induced constipation: zvinetso uye mikana yekurapa." Am J Gastroenterol . 2011 May; 106 (5): 835-42; mibvunzo 843. doi: 10.1038 / ajg.2011.30. Epub 2011 Feb 22. Ongororo. PubMed PMID: 21343919.
> Scott, Ian. "Heroin: Gore Rakawanda Rakaita." History Today . 1998: Bhuku: 48 Nyaya: 6. Inowanikwa paIndaneti 11 Dec 2012.