Sensory memory is memory shoma shoma inobvumira vanhu kuti varambe vachiona zvinyorwa zvemashoko mushure mekugadziriswa kwepakutanga kwapera. Inowanzofungidzirwa sechinhu chekutanga chekuyeuka chinosanganisira kunyora ruzivo rwakakura rwehupenyu pamusoro pemhepo, asi kwenguva pfupi chete. Chinangwa chekurangarira pfungwa ndeyekuchengetedza ruzivo kwenguva yakakwana kuti icho chizivikanwe.
Basa Rinoyeuchidza Rinoshanda Sei?
Mumazuva ose ehupo hwako, pfungwa dzako dziri kuramba dzichitora ruzivo rukuru rwezvinhu zvaunoona, kunzwa, kunzwa, uye kutora. Kunyange zvazvo ruzivo urwu rwakakosha, hapana nzira yekuyeuka chimwe nechimwe tsanangudzo pamusoro pezvaunoona pane imwe nguva. Pane kudaro, pfungwa yako yekufunga inoita chimwe chinhu cheku "fikisa" nokukurumidza kwepasi rakakupoteredza, zvichikuita kuti uise pfungwa dzako pfupi pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha.
Saka zvishoma zvakadini pfungwa yekufunga? Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti izvi zvinorangarirwa kwemaawa matatu kana kupfuura .
Kunyange zvazvo nguva dzisinganonoki, pfungwa dzenheyo dzinotibvumira kuti tichengetedze kwenguva pfupi pfungwa yekusimudzirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunyange mushure mokunge chinyorwa chekutanga chemashoko chaguma kana kupera. Nokupinda kune iyi ruzivo, tinogona kutumira mashoko anokosha muchikamu chinotevera chekuyeuka, icho chinozivikanwa sechinguvo chenguva pfupi .
Sperling's Sensory Memory Ongororo
Nguva yenguva yekuyeuka kwepfungwa yakatanga kuongororwa mukati ma1960 neanodzidza nezvepfungwa George Sperling.
Mune chiitiko chechidiki, vatori vechikamu vakatarisa pachikona uye mitsetse yemakamba yakapenya zvishoma - kwekutanga 1 / 20th yechipiri. Zvadaro, chinyorwa chacho chakashaikwa. Vadzidzi vacho vakabva vangoti vazhinji veetsamba dzavaigona kuyeuka kuona.
Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vevatori vechikamu vaikwanisa chete kutaura nezvemashoko mana kana mashanu, vamwe vakatsigira kuti vaona mabhii ose asi kuti ruzivo rwacho rwakakurumidza zvikuru sezvavakanga vaudza.
Akafuridzirwa neizvi, Sperling akabva aita shanduko yakasiyana-siyana yechiratidzo chimwe chete. Vatori vechikamu vakaratidzirwa mitsara mitatu yetsamba ina mumutsara wemakiromita makumi maviri nemakumi maviri epiri, asi pakarepo mushure mekunge vhizha racho risina chinhu, vatori vechikamu vakanzwa inzwi rakakwirira, rakadzika midzi kana rakaderera. Kana hurukuro dzikanzwa inzwi rakakwirira, vaifanira kunyorera mutsara wepamusoro, avo vakanzwa mhirizhonga vaifanira kuudza mutsara wepakati uye avo vakange vanzwa vakaderera vaizozivisa mutsara wepasi.
Sperling yakawana kuti vatori vechikamu vakakwanisa kuyeuka tsamba idzi chero bedzi izwi rakatinzwa mukati mematatu echipiri chetsamba yacho. Apo chikamu chakawedzerwa kusvika kudarika chetatu chechipiri, kunyora kwemashoko akanyorwa kwakaderera zvikuru, uye chero chinhu chinopfuura chikamu chimwe chete chakaita kuti zvisingakwanisi kuyeuka tsamba. Sperling yakaratidza kuti kubvira apo avo vatori vechikamu vaisa pfungwa dzavo pamuganhu wakaratidzwa vasati vaona maziso avo akajeka, vakakwanisa kuyeuka mashoko. Apo izwi racho rakanzwika mushure mokuyeuka kwepfungwa, chiyeuchidzo chakanga chisingaiti.
Aina
Nyanzvi dzinofungawo kuti mafungiro akasiyana ane maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekurangarira pfungwa.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuyeuka pfungwa dzakaratidzwawo kuti dzine nguva dzakasiyana.
- Iconic memory , inozivikanwawo sekuona inoonekwa, inosanganisira mufananidzo mupfupi. Rudzi urwu rwekuyeuka pfungwa kunowanzoita kwekota imwe kusvika hafu yechipiri .
- Echoic memory , iyo inozivikanwawo seyemusoro yekuyeuka pfungwa, inosanganisa mhemberero shoma shomanana sezvinongoita echo. Rudzi urwu rwemangariro yekurangarira runogona kupera kusvika kumasekondi matatu kusvika mana .
- Memori yeHaptic , inozivikanwa sekuti tactile memory, inosanganisira mhemberero shomanana yekubata. Rudzi urwu rwemangariro yekufungidzira runoguma kwemaminitsi maviri .
Shoko Rinobva
Kuyeuka kwepfungwa kunobatsira basa rinokosha mukukwanisa kwako kutora ruzivo uye kubatana nenyika yakakupoteredza. Mhando iyi yekuyeuka inokubvumira kuchengetedza nguva pfupi nezvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko akapoteredza iwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ruzivo urwu runogona kuendeswa kukurangarira kwenguva pfupi, asi muhuwandu hwemhosva, ruzivo urwu runokurumidza kurasikirwa. Nepo nhepfenyuro yemanzwiro ingave yakafupika, inoita basa rinokosha mukucherechedza nekuyeuka maitiro.
> Sources:
Dubrowski, A. (2009). Uchapupu hwekufunga haptic. Mukutsvaga kwe: World Haptics 2009 - Third Joint EuroHaptics musangano uye Symposium pamusoro peHaptic Interfaces yeVhidhiyo Yakachena uye Teleoperator Systems, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. doi: 10.1109 / WHC.2009.4810867
> Friedenberg, J & Silverman, G. Cognitive Science: An Kutangira kuChidzidzo cheMangariro. SAGE Publications; 2015.