Kurangarira kwenguva pfupi, inozivikanwawo sekutangira kana kushingaira kurangarira, ndiyo ruzivo rwandinoziva kana kuti kufunga nezvazvo. Mashoko aya anowanikwa munguva shomanana yekuyeuchidza anobva pakuteerera pfungwa dzekunzwisisa.
Kuongorororwa kwakakurumidza:
- Kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kunopfupika. Kana zviyeuchidzo zvenguva pfupi zvisati zvadzokororwa kana kuti zvakachengetedzwa zvakasimba, zvinopedza mashure mashoma.
- Kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kunogumira. Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti nguva shomanana yekuyeuka inogona kuchengetedza zvinomwe pamwe chete kana kudarika zvinhu zviviri.
Nguva
Zakawanda zvemashoko akachengetwa munguva shomanana yekuyeuka zvichachengetwa kwemaminitsi anenge makumi maviri kusvika ku30, asi zvinogona kuva maminitsi mashoma kana kudzokorora kana kushanda kushanda kwemashoko kunodzivirirwa. Dzimwe ruzivo runogona kupedzisira mupfungwa shoma kwenguva refu, asi ruzivo rukuru runoparara nokukurumidza.
Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti uri kuedza kuyeuka nhamba yefoni. Mumwe munhu anotsvaga nhamba yefoni, uye iwe unokurumidza kuona pfungwa. Mazuva mashoma gare gare unoziva kuti watokanganwa nhamba yacho. Pasina kudzokorora kana kupfuurira kudzokorora nhamba kusvikira yazvipira kumurangariro, ruzivo runokurumidza kurasika kubva muchirangaridzo chenguva pfupi.
Iwe unogona kuwedzera nguva yenguva pfupi yekuyeukwa kusvika pamwero kuburikidza nekushandisa nzira dzekudzokorora dzakadai sekutaura mashoko acho zvinonzwika kana kuti nekudzokorora mupfungwa.
Zvisinei, ruzivo rwemukatikati rwekuyeuka runoitawo kuti ruvhiringidzike. Chero hupi hutsva hutsva hunopinda muchirangaridzo chenguva pfupi huchakurumidza kusimbisa chero ruzivo rwekare. Zvinhu zvakafanana mumamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisawo nekurangarira kwenguva pfupi.
Kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda zvatiri kurangarira kwenguva pfupi zvinokanganwika, kupinda kune ruzivo urwu kunobvumira kuti ienderere mberi nhanho inotevera - kurangarira kwenguva refu .
Capacity
Kuwanda kwemashoko anogona kuchengetwa munguva pfupi yekuyeuka kunogona kusiyana. Nhamba inowanzotaurwa inowedzera kana kuderedza zvinhu zvinomwe, zvichibva pamigumisiro yeruzivo rwakakurumbira pamusoro penguva pfupi yekuyeuka. Mune pepanhau rine simba rakanzi "The Magical Number Seven, Plus kana Minus Two," nyanzvi yezvepfungwa George Miller yakaratidza kuti vanhu vanogona kuchengeta pakati pechishanu nerepfumbamwe zvinhu munguva pfupi yekuyeuka . Kunyatsotsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kunoratidza kuti vanhu vanogona kuchengeta zvinenge zvina zvimedu kana zvidimbu zvemashoko munguva pfupi yekuyeuka.
Kusiyanisa Pakati Pokuyeuka Kwekanguva Nokushanda Memory
Kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kunowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nekushanda kwekuyeuka, asi iyo mbiri inofanira kushandiswa zvakasiyana. Kushanda nekuyeuka kunoreva zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa, kuronga, uye kushandura mashoko. Kurangarira kwenguva pfupi, kune rumwe rutivi, kunoreva chete kuchengetwa kwemashoko kwenguva pfupi muchiyeuchidzo.
Kusiyanisa Nguva Yenguva Pfupi Kubva Pakuyeuka Kwepanguva
Vatsvakurudzi vanoyeuka vanowanzoshandisa izvo zvinonzi semuenzaniso wezvitoro zvitatu kuti tifunge pfungwa dzevanhu. Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti chiyeuchidzo chinosanganisira zvitatu zvemashoko makuru: manzwiro, nguva pfupi, uye kwenguva refu uye kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinogona kusiyaniswa zvichienderana nekuchengetedza simba uye nguva.
Kunyange zvazvo chiyeuchidzo chenguva refu chiine simba rinoratidzika risingagoneki iro rinopera makore, kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kunongopfupi uye kushoma. Kunyora mashoko mumapoka maduku kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuyeuka zvimwe zvinhu kwenguva pfupi.
Izwi-processing processing remusoro rinoratidza kuti chiyeuchidzo chevanhu chinoshanda zvakafanana nekombiyuta. Mumuenzaniso uyu, ruzivo rwekutanga runopinda muchirangaridzo chemazuva mashomanana (chiitiko chechinguva chechiitiko chezviitiko zvechangobva kuitika) uye imwe yeruzivo iyi inotamirwa murefu kwenguva refu (inenge iri chechigarire chechi), zvakadai semashoko pamakombiyuta akaiswa pa hard disk.
Kuyeuka Kwenguva Pfupi Kunogona Kuve Kwakare-Kuyeuka Sei?
Sezvo kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kwakagadzikana mune zvose zvakakwana uye nguva, nguva yekuchengetwa kwezvinhu zvinoda kuendesa ruzivo kubva kune zvenguva pfupi pfupi kusvika kwenguva refu.
Izvi zvinoitika sei? Pane nzira shomanana dzakasiyana-siyana iyo ruzivo rungagadzirirwa kurangarira kwenguva refu.
Sezvambotaurwa kare, chunking imwe nzira yekuyeuchidza iyo inogona kuita kuti kutumidzwa kwemashoko kuve kwenguva refu. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuputsa mashoko muzvikamu zviduku. Kana iwe uri kuedza kubata mutsamba nhamba yezvinyorwa, somuenzaniso, iwe unenge uchizviisa mumatatu matatu kana mana mabheji.
Kudzokorora kunogonawo kubatsira rubatsiro kuita kuti ive nguva refu yekuyeuka. Iwe unogona kushandisa nzira iyi paunodzidza zvinhu zvekuongorora. Panzvimbo pekuongororai ruzivo kamwe chete kana kaviri, unogona kutora manotsi ako nekudzoka kusvikira hunokosha hunozivikanwa hunoiswa muchirangaridzo.
Nzira chaiyo yekuyeuka kwezvirangaridzo zvinoshandiswa kubva pfupi kwenguva pfupi kusvika kumahombekombe kwenguva refu inoramba ichikakavara uye isinganzwisiswi. Muenzaniso wekare, unozivikanwa seAtkinson-Shiffrin model kana multi-modal model, wakaratidza kuti zvese zvenguva pfupi zvinorangarirwa zvakangoerekana zvaiswa munguva yekuyeuka kwenguva yakareba pashure penguva yakati.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaronga kuti kumwe kugadzirisa kwepfungwa kunoitika uye kuti zvingorangaridzo zvimwe chete zvinosarudzwa zvekugara kwenguva refu. Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanopikisa pfungwa yokuti pane zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakachengetwa zvenguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu.
Ongororo ichangobva kuitika yakaratidza kuti kurovedza muviri kunogona kubatsirawo kuwedzera kukurumidza kwenguva yekuyeuka. Chimwe chekuedza chakawana kuti kuputira muviri mumakonzo neAlzheimer kwakaita kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa kwenguva pfupi yekuyeuka nekuwedzera neurogenisis , kupa tariro kune nzira itsva dzinoderedza zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosangana nechirwere cheAlzheimer.
Shoko Rinobva
Kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kunobatanidzwa basa rinokosha pakuumba kukwanisa kwedu kushanda munyika inotitenderedza, asi inogumira mumagariro maviri uye nguva. Zvirwere uye kukuvadza zvinogonawo kuita kuti tive nekwanisi yekuchengetedza zviyeuchidzo zvenguva pfupi uye nekuzvishandura kuti zviyeuke kwenguva refu. Sezvo vatsvakurudzi vachiri kuramba vachidzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokonzera chiyeuchidzo, nzira itsva dzekusimudzira nekuchengetedza kurangarira kwenguva pfupi dzinogona kuramba dzichibuda.
> References
> Coon, D & Mitterer, JO. Nhanganyaya yePychology: Nzira dzekufunga uye maitiro. Belmont, CA: Wadworth Cengage Kudzidza; 2010.
> Kim, BK, et al. Treadmill kurovedza muviri kunowedzera kukurumidza kwenguva yekuyeuka nokuwedzera neurogenesis mumarati ane chirwere chinonzi amyloid beta-induced Alzheimer's disease. J Kurumidza Kudzoka. 2014; 10 (1): 2-8. doi: 10.12965 / jer.140086.