Vanhu vanoyeuka zvinhu nenzira dzakasiyana. Iconic memory inosanganisira kuyeuka kwezvinhu zvinooneka. Ndiyo iyo uropi hunoyeuka chifananidzo chawaona munyika yakakupoteredza. Semuenzaniso, tarisa chimwe chinhu chiri mukamuri urimo iye zvino, uye wovhara maziso ako uye uone sechinhu ichocho. Mufananidzo wauno "ona" mupfungwa dzako ndeyekuyeuchidza kwezvinhu izvi zvinoratidzika.
Iconic memory ndiyo chikamu chekuona memory system iyo inosanganisira nguva refu yekuyeuka uye kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi yekuyeuka. Icho chimiro chekurangarira pfungwa chinopedzisa nguva pfupi isati yapera. Iconic memory inofungidzirwa kuti ichengetedze milliseconds chete isati yanyangarika.
Izwi icon icon rinoreva chiratidzo, iyo inomiririra mufananidzo kana chifananidzo.
Mienzaniso yeIconic Memory
Iwe unotarisa pane imwe shamwari yefoni sezvo ari kupukunyuka kuburikidza neFacebook newsfeed yake. Unotarisa chimwe chinhu sezvaanokurumidza kuchigunun'una, asi iwe unogona kuvhara maziso ako uye uchiona mufananidzo wechinhu ichi pfupi.
Iwe unomuka usiku kuti uwane mvura yokunwa uye ugoita kuti kicheni chivhenekere. Anenge pakarepo, bhuru rinopisa uye rinosiya iwe murima, asi iwe unogona kuona muchidimbu kuti imba yacho yakaita sei kubva pane zvishoma iwe wakakwanisa kuwana.
Iwe uri kutyaira kumba humwe husiku apo mbambo inopinda mhiri kwomugwagwa pamberi pako.
Iwe unogona kuona pakarepo chifananidzo chechimbwa chinenge chiri mumugwagwa chinopenyedzwa nemakona ako.
Iconic Basa Rokuchinja Mukusvinudza
Iconic memory inotendwa inobatsira pakuchinja hupofu , kana kusakwanisa kuona kuchinja mune zvisikwa zvinooneka. Mukutsvaga, vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti vanhu vanotambudzika kuti vaone kusiyana kwezvinhu zviviri zvinoonekwa pavanoparadzaniswa nechinguva chiduku.
Vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti kupedzana kwenguva pfupi kunobvisa iconic memory, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuenzanisa nekucherechedza kuchinja.
Sperling's Experiments on Iconic Memory
Muna 1960, George Sperling akaita zviongororwa zvakagadzirirwa kuratidzira kuvapo kwemaziso ekuona. Akanga achifarirawo kuongorora kukwanisa uye nguva yenguva iyi yekuyeuka. Mukushambadzira kwaSperling, akaratidza rutsamba rwetsamba pamakombiyuta kuvadzidzi. Tsamba idzi dzakanga dzichioneka chete pachikona chechikamu chiduku chechipiri, asi nyaya dzakakwanisa kuziva zvimwe zvinyorwa. Zvisinei, vashomanana vakakwanisa kuzivisa mabhuku mana kana mashanu.
Migumisiro yezviongorori izvi yakaratidza kuti munhu anoona nzira yakakwanisa kuchengetedza ruzivo kunyange kana kutaridzika kwakanyanya. Chikonzero nei mabhuku mashomanana aigona kuyeukwa, Sperling akaratidza, ndechokuti rudzi urwu rwekuyeuka runopera.
Mune zvimwe zvakaongororwa, Sperling yakapa zvinyorwa zvekubatsira kukurudzira kuyeuka kwemasamba. Tsamba dzakapiwa mumitsara, uye avo vakakurudzirwa vakabvunzwa kurangarira chete mitsetse yepamusoro, yepakati kana yezasi. Vatori vechikamu vakakwanisa kuyeuka tsamba dzakakurudzirwa zviri nyore, zvichiratidza kuti zvikakosha zvemufananidzo uyu wekurangarira zvinotitadzisa kusayeuka tsamba dzose.
Tinoona uye tinozvinyorera, Sperling akatenda, asi pfungwa dzinongomhanya zvakakurumidza kuti dziyeukekwe.
Muna 1967, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Ulric Neisser akanyora chimiro ichi chokukurumidza kupera kuona maziso sechinhu chinoratidzirwa.
> Kwakabva:
> Rensink RA. Mienzaniso kune usability yezviratidzo zvingangodaro. Mitsva muPsychology . 2014; 5. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyg.2014.00971.