Makore ekupedzisira aFrud akaiswa marwadzo
Sigmund Freud aiva mumwe wevanodzidza nezvepfungwa dzepfungwa uye anoramba ari munhu ane simba kusvikira nhasi. Kunyange zvazvo akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake nebasa rake kushanda nekuvandudza pfungwa dzake muVienna, Austria, makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake yaiva nguva yekuchinja kukuru. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekupedzisira kweupenyu hwa Freud uye chikonzero chikuru chekufa kwake.
Gore Rokupedzisira reSigmund Freud's Life
Sigmund Freud akafa muLondon musi waSeptember 23, 1939 ava nemakore 83.
Gore rekupedzisira roupenyu hwaFrud rakanga riri nguva yekutambudzika uye kurwisana nehosha. Akanga apedza hupenyu hwake hwose achigara uye achishanda muVienna, asi izvi zvose zvakachinja apo vaNazi vakawedzera Austria mu1938.
Mukuwedzera pakuva muJudha, mukurumbira waFrud semuvambi wepfungwa inokonzera kuti ave chinangwa. Zvose Sigmund Freud nemwanasikana wake Anna vakabvunzurudzwa neGestapo, uye mabhuku ake akawanda akapiswa. Muhurukuro yake yekupedzisira neGestapo, Freud akamanikidzwa kusaina chirevo achitaura kuti akanga asina kutambudzwa. Freud sarcastically akataura, "Ndinogona kukurudzira zvikuru Gestapo kune wese."
Kubva kuVienna kuenda kuLondon
Nguva pfupi yapfuura, shamwari yemhuri yakachengetedza nzvimbo yakachengeteka yaFreud, mudzimai wake Marita nemwanasikana Anna kuenda kuEngland. Mumwe wehanzvadzi dzaFrud vakanga vatamira kuUnited States makore akawanda akapfuura uye hama yake yakakwanisawo kubva kuAustria muna 1938, asi vamwe vemhuri dzaFrud vakanga vasina ruzivo.
Pasinei nekuedza kwakawanda kuti awane hanzvadzi dzake ina, Dolfi, Mitzi, Rosa, naPauli, kunze kwenyika, hapana akabudirira uye vakadzi vose vana vakafira mumisasa yevasungwa.
Freud akabva kuVienna paJune 4, 1938, achisvika mazuva maviri gare gare muLondon, England. Akanyora kuti, "Kukunda kwekusununguka," kwakanyonganiswa zvikuru nekuchema, nokuti mumwe akanga achiri kunyanya kuda mujeri kubva kwaakabudiswa. "
Vangosvika kuLondon, Sigmund naMarita vakagara mumusha mutsva pa20 Maresfield Gardens. Imwe fodya yakasvuta, Freud aive achitambura nekenza yemuromo kubva muna 1923 uye akanga atoita mabasa akawanda. Mushure mokunge kenza yakadzoka, vanachiremba vake vakazivisa kuti chironda chacho chakanga chisiri kushanda. Imbwa yake yaanoda ingachema muhupo hwake nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwaFudud's necrotic jaw bone. Akamanikidzwawo kupfeka mishonga yekunyorera kuti achengetedze mitsetse yake nemuromo zvakaparadzana, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kudya kana kutaura.
Apo achitaura achitambura uye zvakaoma nekuda kwekenza, akanyora mharidzo pfupi yeBBC musi waDecember 7, 1938. Freud aiva nemakore makumi mana nemana panguva iyoyo uye shoko ndiro chete rinozivikanwa kurekodhwa kwezwi rake riripo.
Musi waSeptember 21, 1939, Freud akakumbira chiremba kuti ape chirwere chinouraya che morphine. Chiremba weFrud akazonyora zvakare, "Paakange achishungurudzika, ndakamupa hypodermic yemadhikiti maviri e morphine.Akurumidza akazonzwa zororo uye akawira murugare runyararo.Indangariro yekurwadziwa uye kutambura kwaenda. Maawa 12. Freud zvaiva pachena pedyo nekuguma kwezvokuchengetedza kwake zvokuti akazopedzisira apinda mu coma uye haana kumuka zvakare. "
Freud akafa pamangwanani eSeptember 23, 1939. Mazuva matatu gare gare, muviri wake wakanyudzwa uye madota ake akaiswa muurnki rwekare rechiGiriki chakanga chapiwa kwaari neshamwari yake Marie Bonaparte.
Mbavha Gare gare Edza Kubira Urn Iine Mahesheni Emadota
MunaJanuary ra2014, mapurisa eBritain akazviwana pabasa rokuvhima mabhegiri avo vanoita sokuti vakaedza kubvisa madota echipangaradzi yeSagmund Freud.
Maererano nepamapurisa, kuedza kupamba kwakaitika kuItaly yokuvata chivako musi waDecember 31 kanaJanuary 1. Urn yemakore 2 300 ane yakasviba madota eFrud nemudzimai wake Martha vainge vakuvara mukuedza.
"Ichi chaiva chiito chinonyadzisa nembavha," akadaro Detective Constable Daniel Candler. "Kunyangwe kurasa kunze kwekukosha kwemari kwekuregererwa urn uye kukosha kwezvakaitika kare kune waakabatanidzwa, chokwadi chokuti mumwe munhu akasarudza kutora chinhu chakaziva chaiva nemasara ekupedzisira evanhu vanotenda."
Sources:
Cohen, L. Sei Sigmund Freud aida kufa. The Atlantic. Sept. 23, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/09/how-sigmund-freud-wanted-to-die/380322/.
Freud: Kurwisana uye Mutsika. Library of Congress; 2010. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/freud/.
Hothersall, D. History of Psychology, 3rd ed., Mcgraw-Hill: NY; 1995.
Kennedy, M. "Urn ine Sigimund Freud's madota rakaputsika panguva yekuedza kubata.The Guardian.January 15, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/15/urn-sigmund-freud-ashes- kuputika-kuba-kuedza.