Hysteria inoratidzika sezwi rinoshandiswa kune vanhu vari kunyanya kunetseka mupfungwa, saka zvinogona kushamisa iwe kudzidza kuti yaimbova inowanzorapa kurapwa. Muzvinyorwa zvesendman, hysteria inowanzoshandiswa kurondedzera unhu hunoita sehuwandu uye huri kunze kwekutonga.
Apo mumwe munhu anopindura nenzira inoratidzika seisingaverengeki mupfungwa pamamiriro acho ezvinhu, inowanzotsanangurwa sehutsinye.
Munguva yeAva Victorian, izwi racho raiwanzoshandiswa kureva zviratidzo zvizhinji zvaiwanzoonekwa chete nevakadzi.
Saka chii chakaita sechinhu chakafanana? Zviratidzo zvehutano hwaisanganisira kukanda mapfumo pasi, kukanganisa, uye kutya. Izwi rinofungidzirwa richibva kunechiremba wechiGiriki chekare Hippocrates, uyo akabatanidza zviratidzo izvi nekufamba kwechibereko chemukadzi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana mumuviri. Vafungidzi vekare vaifunga kuti chibereko chemukadzi chinogona kufamba zvakasununguka kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzomuviri, kazhinji zvichiita kuti zviratidzo zvakasiyana siyana uye zvirwere zvichienderana nekufamba kwayo. Izwi rokuti hysteria iro rinobva paGreek hystera , zvinoreva chibereko.
Hysteria inogona kunge isiri yakakodzera kugadziriswa kwepfungwa mazuva ano, asi muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti pfungwa dzinogona kubuda sei, kuchinja, uye kuchinjwa sezvo tine ruzivo rukuru rwekuti vanhu vanofunga nekuita sei.
The History of Hysteria
Munguva yekupera kwema1800, hysteria yakaonekwa sechirwere chepfungwa .
Nyanzvi yeAurope yeuropean Jean-Martin Charcot yakashandiswa hypnosis kuti itarise vakadzi vane hutachiona.
Chakavanzika chehusteria chakaita basa guru mukutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa. Wakazivikanwa weAustria psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud akanga adzidza naCharcot, saka akatanga kupa ruzivo rwekucherechedza varwere vakanga vaonekwa kuti vane chirwere uyewo nzira dzaCharcot dzokurapa.
Yaiva basa raFrud pamwe chete naJosef Breuer pamwe chete naAna O. , mukadzi wechidiki ane zviratidzo zvehutano, akabatsira kutungamira mukurudzirwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa . Anna akanga awana kuti kungotaura pamusoro pematambudziko ake nemushonga wake kwakakonzera zvakanyanya kunaka kwake. Akanzi chirwere ichi "chirwere chokutaura" uye ikozvino chichiri kunzi shanduro yekutaura.
Mumwe wevarwere vaCarl Jung, musikana wechidiki anonzi Sabina Spielrein , aifungidzirwawo kuti anotambura nechirwere chacho. Jung naFeudud vanowanzokurukura nyaya yaSpielrein, iyo yakakonzera maonero evanhu vose. Spielrein pachake akadzidziswa sa psychoanalyst uye akabatsira kutanga nzira yepfungwaanalytic muRussia asati aurayiwa neNazi munguva yeHondo Yenyika II.
Hysteria In Modern Psychology
Nhasi, pfungwa dzepfungwa dzinobvuma marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehutano hwakanga hwazivikanwa kare se hysteria kusanganisira dissociative disorders uye somatoform zvinetso. Matambudziko e-dissociative ane matambudziko epfungwa anosanganisira kuparadzana kana kukanganisa mune zvimwe zvekuziva pamwe nekuzivikanwa nekuyeuka. Aya marudzi ematambudziko anosanganisira dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, uye dissociative amnesia.
Somatoform dambudziko ndiro kirasi yehutano hwepfungwa inosanganisira zviratidzo zvemuviri izvo zvisingagoni kuita chikonzero chepanyama. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzofananidza zvirwere chaiyo kana kukuvadzwa. Kushungurudzika kwakadaro kunosanganisira kushanduka kwehutano, muviri dysmporphic disorder, uye kugadziriswa kwepfungwa.
Muna 1980, American Psychological Association yakashandura kuongorora kwavo "hysterical neurosis, rudzi rwekutendeuka" kune iyo ye "kutendeuka chirwere." Mutsamba ichangobva kubudiswa yeDSM-5 , zviratidzo zvakambonyorwa pasi pemaambura akazara ye hysteria zvingakodzeri pasi pezvino izvo zvinonzi sematic chiratidzo chirwere.
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Munyori; 2013.
Micklem, N. Nzira ye Hysteria. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-12186-8; 1996.