Apo iwe uchikumbira vanhu kunyora zvinhu zvinotanga kufunga nezvazvo pavanofunga nezvepfungwa, Sigmund Freud uye psychoanalysis inowanzoitika. Psychoanalysis, zvose sechirongwa chekurapa uye maonero ezvinyorwa, zvakanyatsosiya chikwangwani chepfungwa.
Nepo kune vanhu vashomanana vakasara vanoenda nepfungwa chaiyo yepfungwa, mafirologist akawanda mazuva ano anoshandisa nzira yakawanda yekutaura kumunda wepfungwa.
Ichokwadi, vazhinji vanofunga nezvepfungwa dzemazuva ano vanoona nezvepfungwa dzakagadzikana nekusava nechokwadi. Vamwe vanotonzwa kuseka nokuda kwechikoro cheFrud chekufunga. Asi izvi zvakanaka here? Munyika yepfungwa dzepamusoro apo kusimbiswa kwekugadzirisa maitiro, neuroscience, uye biopsychology inotonga, pane imwe nzvimbo ye psychoanalysis?
Is Psychoanalysis Inoramba Ichiri Kuitika Munyika Yanhasi?
Pakave nemashoko mashomanana ekupedzisira pamusoro pekuparara kwechigarire chepfungwa dzepfungwa:
- Mushumo wakabudiswa neAmerica Psychoanalytic Association wakawana kuti masangano epfungwa yepamusoro anowanzobata chirwere chepfungwa sezvinongoita chiitiko chezvakaitika kare, apo nyaya dzakadai seunyanzvi, mabhuku, nhoroondo, uye dzimwe dzidzo dzevanhu dzaive nyore kuidzidzisa pfungwa dzepfungwa sezvinoramba ichitaura uye inobatsira nyaya.
- A 2007 nyaya muThe New York Times yakataurawo kuderera kwepfungwa dzepfungwa mukati mepfungwa.
Saka nei kunyanya kufungidzika kwepfungwa kunowira parutivi rwomugwagwa sehurukuro yezvidzidzo mune zvepfungwa?
Chikamu chechinetso chinokonzerwa nekugadzikana kwepfungwa kunokonzerwa nekuongorora kushanda kwekurapa kwake uye kukundikana kuratidza chirango muhuchapupu-based practices.
Kutsigira uye Kururamisa kwePyyananalyse
Chikamu chechikonzero vazhinji vanokakavadzana nekupfungwa kwepfungwa mazuva ano ndechokuti muviri wehuchapupu hunotsigira kubudirira kwahwo hunoita kunge husina simba.
Zvisinei, zvimwe zvekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekubudirira kwepfungwa dzakagadziriswa zvakagadzirisa zvishoma kubatsiro kwehutano huno. Imwe meta-tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti psychoanalysis inogona kuva yakakosha sezvo imwe nzira inorapwa inosvika. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti psychoanalysis inogona kushanda pakurapa kuora mwoyo, kuzvirwisa zvinodhaka, uye kutyisa chirwere .
Imwe nyaya ndeyekuti psychoanalysis inowanzova nguva refu. Tiri kurarama munguva apo vanhu vanotsvaka kutsvaga-kutsvaga uye nzira dzinobatsira mukati memazuva, vhiki kana mwedzi - chirwere chepfungwa chinowanzobatanidza mutengi uye mushandi anoongorora nyaya pamusoro pemakore.
"Kushandisa nzira yakagadzirirwa huchapupu-based treatment, hutsika hwepfungwa hwepanyama hahusi, chaizvoizvo, hunoita sokunge nzira yekurapa kwehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa ," anotsanangura kudaro nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Susan Krauss Whitbourne mune imwe nyaya ye Psychology Today . "Zvisinei, kubvisa zvipo zvaFranud zvisinganzwisisiki mune zvepfungwa, sezvo [ yeNew York Times nyaya] inoreva, kuwedzera kuderedza."
Psychoanalysis Zvino uye Zvino
Mafungiro mazhinji eFrud ainge asina kufarira mune zvepfungwa, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti basa rake harina kukodzera.
Nzira yake yekurapa-chirevo chokuti chirwere chepfungwa chakarapwa uye kuti kutaura pamusoro pezvinetso kungaunza zororo-yaiva pfungwa yekushandura iyo yakasiya chiratidzo chinogara kwenguva refu pamusoro pokuti tinosangana sei nekurapa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Uye kutsvakurudza kwakatsigira zvimwe zvido zvepakutanga zvaFrud. "Kuongorora kwakapfuura kwebasa rerouroscience rinosimbisa kuti zvizhinji zvekuona kwepakutanga kwaFrud, kwete kunyanya kuchinja kwemaitiro asingazivi uye kugadzirisa kwemafungiro ekufunga, vakawana husimbiso mumabhuku ekuraira," akatsanangura kudaro Peter Fonagy munyaya inonzi "Psychoanalysis Nhasi "yakabudiswa mu World Psychiatry .
Zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti Sigmund Freud aivawo chibereko chenguva yake. Kunyange zvazvo aizivikanwa nokuda kwezvaaiwanzoita maonero ake (aifungisisa zvakanyanya munguva yeVa Victorian), maonero ake enyika akange akaiswa panguva yaaigara. Saka ndeipi nzira yaizoita kuti pfungwa dzepfungwa dzitore nhasi kana Freud aive mupenyu munguva yedu?
"Kana Freud aive mupenyu mazuva ano," anonyora Fonagy, "aizonyanya kufarira ruzivo rutsva pamusoro pehuropi hunoita, sekushandiswa kwematehwe emhando yehutano hunoenderana nehutano hwehukama hwepakutanga, nzvimbo yehutano hwakananga nemaitiro ekushanda, zvakawanikwa yea molecular genetics uye maitiro ezvemagomics uye iye zvechokwadi haazosiya Chido chake cheScientific Psychology, basa rekubvisa iro raakaedza kuumba mararamiro emhando yehupfumi. "
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokucherechedza, anotsanangura Krauss, ndechokuti apo psychoanalysis inogona kunge iri kuderera, hazvirevi kuti maonero epfungwa yepfungwa anofa . "Masayendisiti mazuva ano anotaura nezvehupenyu hwepfungwa , kwete kunyanya kwepfungwa ," akanyora, "Sezvo zvakadaro, maonero aya anoreva simba rakawanda mukati mehupenyu hwedu hunochinja humwe humwe hutano hwemamiriro edu anoonekwa." Psychoanalysis inoreva nguva yakareba achitaura nezveFeudy-based theory kuti kunzwisisa, uye kubata, maitiro asina kufanira, kukakavara kwedu kusingazivi kunofanira kushandiswa kuburikidza. "
Psychoanalysis sezvakaita Freud pamuviri zvingangodaro iri kuderera, asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti mafungiro epfungwa anonyangarika kana kuti zvichave zvichienda kwose kwose.
Nguva Yemberi yePychoanalysis
Saka chii chinogona kugadziriswa kwepfungwa kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti yakaramba ichikosha munyika yepfungwa?
- Maererano neFosagy, kusimbiswa kwesayenzi ndicho chinhu chinokosha.
- Kutsvaga empirical uye uchapupu-hwakarongwa hunodiwa kuongororwa zvakadzama.
- Fonagy inoratidza zvakare kuti nzira dzakagadziridzwa yekuunganidza dambudziko, kufungisisa kwezvimwe zvinogona kutsanangurwa maitiro, uye kushanda pamwe nekushanda pamwe nevamwe vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa kunogona kuvandudza kutendeseka uye kukodzera kwepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Zviri pachena, Freud's mark on psychology inenge ichiri kuitika nhasi. Kutaura kurapwa kungave kwakanyanyobatanidzwa ne-psychoanalysis, asi vanachiremba vanowanzoshandisa nzira iyi mune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa kusanganisira vateeresi-centered therapy uye boka therapy . Psychoanalysis inogona kunge isiri iyo simba raive rakadzoka muna 1910, asi dzidziso dzaFrud dzave dziine simba rinogara nokusingaperi kune tsika yakakurumbira uye yepfungwa.
> Sources:
> Cohen, P. (2007, Nov. 25). Freud Inowanikwa Zvakadzidziswa paYunivhesiti, Kunze kweDhipatimendi rePsychology. The New York Times .
> Fonagy, P. (2003). Psychoanalysis Nhasi. World Psychiatry, 2 (2)
> Whitbourne, SK (2012). Freud's Not Dead; Akanyatsooma Zvakaoma Kuwana. Psychology Nhasi.