Genetic uye zvakatipoteredza zvinokonzera zvose zvinoita basa
Muzviitiko zvizhinji, kukura kwepabonde kunowanzoitika uye kunotevera maitiro akaumbwa ekugadziriswa ane zvishoma zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuipa panguva ino, izvo zvinowanzokonzerwa nejentics kana zvinetso zvekusikwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Genetic Problems
Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, mageneti anoita basa guru mukugadzirisa. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva, zvinetso zvemararamiro zvinogona kubuda izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvose zviripo iye zvino uye munguva yemberi.
- Down Syndrome: Iyo inozivikanwa saTrisomy 21, Down syndrome ndiyo inowanzojairika maitiro ekugadzirisa kwepabonde. Down syndrome inokonzerwa nekopi yepamusoro ye 21 chromosomes (zvinoreva kuti pane ma chromosomes matatu panzvimbo yezvakagadzirwa maviri) uye zvinokanganisa anenge 1 pavana chiuru chimwechete vacheche. Zvinhu zvinowanikwa pasi reA Down syndrome zvinosanganisira maziso akakomberedzwa, zvirema zvemoyo, uye kushaya pfungwa kwepfungwa. Ngozi yekuwana mwana neArt syndrome inowedzera nemakore ekuberekwa.
- Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutano: Zvizhinji zvezvirwere zvinogona kupiwa nhaka kana mumwe kana vabereki vose vakatakura chirwere chechirwere chacho. Mienzaniso yezvirwere zvakagara nhaka inosanganisira Sickle-cell anemia, Cystic fibrosis, uye Tay-Sachs chirwere. Maitiro eGenetic anowanzotarisa kana mubereki ari kutakura maitiro eimwe chirwere.
- Zvepabonde-Chromosome Matambudziko: Chetatu rudzi rwezvirwere zvepabonde hunosanganisira zvepabonde-chromosomes. Izvi zvinosanganisira mamiriro akadai saKlinefelter's syndrome (anowedzera X-chromosome) uye Turner syndrome (imwe chete X-chromosome).
Zvinetso Zvakatipoteredza
Kusiyana kwezvakatipoteredza kunogonawo kuita basa guru mukukura kwepabonde . Zvinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza izvo zvinogona kuita kuti fetus izivikanwe seatatogens. Ikoko maverengi eatatogens anogona kukanganisa fetus, kusanganisira:
- Kushandisa Mishonga Madzimai Kubata: Kushandiswa kwemishonga naamai kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa kumucheche. Kusvuta kunobatanidzwa nechepasi kuberekwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera simba rekudzivirirwa mumuviri, kushaya kufema, uye kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa. Doro rinoshandisa rinogona kutungamirira ku fetal alcohol syndrome , iyo inobatanidza kukanganisa kwemwoyo, kushaya muviri, uye kutadza pfungwa. Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kufanira zvinodhaka zvakadai sekodhaine uye methamphetamine zvakare kunobatanidzwa nechepasi kuberekwa uremu uye kuora kwehutano.
- Matenda Edzimai: Kune hutachiwana hwehutachiona hwemwana hunogona kushaya hutachiwana fetus, kusanganisira herpes, rubella, uye AIDS. Herpes utachiona ndechimwe chezvirwere zvinowanzobatwa navanaamai uye zvinogona kuparidzirwa kumucheche, zvichiita kuti matsi, kuvhara kwepfungwa, kana kutadza mupfungwa. Vakadzi vane herpes virusi vanowanzokurudzirwa kuti vauye kuburikidza neyeareare kudzivisa kutapukirwa kwehutachiona.
Nguva yekuberekwa ndeye nguva yekukura kukuru uyewo kutyisa kukuru. Sezvawaona, kune ngozi dzakawanda dzinogona kuisa njodzi inogona kuitika kumubereki wakakura. Zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi izvi, zvakadai sehutachiona hwehutachiona hunobva kumagetsi uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, zvinogona kudziviswa kana kuderedzwa. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, matambudziko emararamiro anogona kunge asingadziviriki. Chero zviitiko zvose, kuchengetwa kwepabonde kusati kwasvika kunogona kubatsira vanaamai nevana vatsva kugadzirisa zvinetso zvingangodaro nekukura kwepabonde.