Tsvaga imwe yenhaurwa yeFrud inonyanya kukakavara asi ine nguva
Oedipal complex, iyo inozivikanwawo seOedipus complex, izwi rinoshandiswa naSagmund Freud munharaunda yake yepfungwa dzepfungwa dzepabonde dzekuvandudza kurondedzera manzwiro emwana wechishuvo kumubereki wake wepabonde nemukadzi uye godo nekutsamwa kwake mutevedzeri--sex. Chaizvoizvo, mukomana anonzwa kuti ari kukwikwidzana nababa vake kuti ave neaamai vake, apo musikana anofunga kuti ari kukwikwidzana naamai vake nekuda kwezvaanoda.
Maererano naFeudud, vana vanoona mubereki wavo wepabonde mumwechete seanopikisana nevabereki vanoita zvepabonde nezvinodiwa uye rudo.
Nheyo yeOedipal Complex
Freud akatanga kurongedza pfungwa yeOedipal complex mune 1899 bhuku rinonzi Interpretation of Dreams , kunyange zvazvo asina kutanga kushandisa izwi rokuti Oedipus complex kusvikira gore ra1910. Mutsara wakava unokosha zvikuru sezvaakaramba achikudziridza pfungwa yake yekuvandudza pfungwa dzepabonde.
Ndeipi iyo izwi rinowanzonzi zita rayo? Freud anonzi iyo yakaoma mushure mehutano muSophocles ' Oedipus Rex uyo anouraya baba vake nekuroora amai vake. MuchiGiriki nhema, Oedipus inobviswa pakuberekwa uye saka haazive kuti vabereki vake ndevanaani. Ndizvo chete mushure mokunge auraya baba vake uye vakaroora amai vake kuti iye aidzidzise ruzivo rwavo rwechokwadi.
Basa reOedipus rakaoma sei?
Mumagariro e-psychoanalytic , chidimbu cheOedipus chinoreva chido chemwana chekuita zvepabonde nemubereki wepabonde, kunyanya mukomana ane hanya nemukadzi wake.
Ichi chido chinochengetedzwa kunze kwekuziva kuburikidza nekudzvinyirira, asi Freud aidavira kuti ichi chakanga chaine simba pamusoro pemafambiro emwana uye chakaita basa mukukudziridza.
Freud akakurudzira kuti dambudziko reOedipus rakaita basa rinokosha munharaunda yepallic yekushungurudzika kwepfungwa. Akatendawo kuti kubudirira kwekugadzirisa danga iri kunosanganisira kuziva nemumwe mubereki wepabonde umwechete uyo pakupedzisira angatungamirira pakuvandudza ruzivo rwezvepabonde.
Maererano naFeudud, mukomana anoda kutora mai vake uye anotsiva baba vake, avo vana vanoona sevanokwikwidzana nehanya naamai.
Dhauriro yeOedipal inowanikwa munharaunda yephallic yekusimudzira pfungwa dzepfungwa pakati pemakore matatu ne mashanu. Iyo phallic yero inoshanda sechinhu chinokosha pakuronga unhu hwepabonde. Munguva iyi yemutambo, Freud akarayira kuti mwana wacho atange kukwezva zvepabonde kune vabereki vake vakasiyana nevabereki uye kuvenga kune mubereki wepabonde.
Zviratidzo zveOedipus Complex
Saka ndezvipi zvimwe zviratidzo zveoedipal complex? Freud akarayira kuti pane maitiro ekuverengeka ayo vana vanoita mune izvo chaizvoizvo chigumisiro ichi chakaoma. Mamwe maitiro ekuratidzira ezvinetso zvinogona kusanganisira mukomana anotaura kuve nehanya kweamai vake uye achiudza baba vake kuti vasagunun'una kana kutsvoda amai vake. Vasikana vashoma panguva ino vanogona kutaura kuti vanoronga kuroorwa nemadzibaba avo pavanokura.
Electra Complex
Chimiro chakafananidzira chevasikana chinozivikanwa sechisimba che Electra umo vasikana vanonzwa vachida madzitateguru avo negodo raamai vavo. Izwi rokuti Electra complex rakaiswa naCarl Jung kurondedzera kuti zvakaoma izvi zvinoratidza sei kuvasikana.
Freud, zvisinei, aitenda kuti izwi rokuti Oedipus complex rinoreva kune vakomana nevanasikana, kunyange zvazvo aitenda kuti zviitiko zvepabonde zvese zvakasiyana.
Freud akaratidza zvakare kuti kana vasikana vaona kuti havana peni, vanoita shanje negodo nekutsamwa kumadzimai avo nekuda "kumutumira munyika kuti isakoshi." Pakupedzisira, kutsamwa uku kunopa nzira yekuzivikanwa naamai vake uye nzira yekudzidzira maitiro uye unhu hwemukadzi wake wepabonde.
Yaiva maonero aFredud pamusoro pepabonde hwevakadzi avo vangave avo vainyanya kutsoropodzwa. The psychoanalyst Karen Horney akaramba pfungwa yaFreud yepenisoni negodo uye panzvimbo iyo yakaratidza kuti varume vane chirwere chegodo nekuda kwekushaya kukwanisa kubereka vana.
Freud pachake akabvuma kuti kunzwisisa kwake kwevakadzi kwakange kusingagoni kuzadzika. "Tinoziva zvishoma nezvoupenyu hwepabonde hwevasikana vaduku kudarika vakomana," akatsanangura kudaro. "Asi isu hatifaniri kunyara nekuparadzanisa uku. Pashure pezvose, hutano hwepabonde hwevakadzi vakuru ndi" nyika ine rima "yepfungwa."
Maitiro Oedipus Akagadziriswa sei?
Pane imwe nhanho muhurukuro yaFrud yekushungurudzwa kwepabonde, vana vanotarisana nekurwisana kunofanira kugadziriswa kuti vave nehutano hwevanhu vakuru. Kuti uite kuva munhu mukuru akabudirira ane utano hwakanaka, mwana wacho anofanira kuziva nemubereki mumwechete wepabonde kuitira kuti agadzirise kupesana kwepallic.
Saka mwana anoenda sei pakugadzirisa dambudziko reOedipus? Freud akarayira kuti nepo primal id inoda kubvisa baba, iyo yakanyatsozivikanwa ego inoziva kuti baba vane simba rakanyanya. Izvo, sezvaunogona kuyeuka, ndiyo inonyanya kugadzirisa simba iyo inotsvaka kukurumidza kugutsa zvese zvisinganzwisisiki. Ego ndiyo chikamu chehupenyu hunotanga kuwirirana pakati pezvinokurudzira zve id uye zvinoda zvechokwadi.
Maererano naFeudud, mukomana anozoona izvo zvaakadana kushandiswa kuzvidya mwoyo-kutya kwezvakanaka uye zvekufananidzira. Freud aidavira kuti mwana paanenge achiziva kusiyana kwepanyama pakati pevarume nevakadzi, anotora kuti chirume chechikadzi chabviswa uye kuti baba vake vachamupomerawo sechirango chekuda mai vake.
Mukugadzirisa kugadzirisa kukakavadzana, nzira yekudzivirirwa inozivikanwa sechiratidzo inotsvaga mukati. Ndiyo panguva ino iyo super-ego inoumbwa. I-super-ego inova yerudzi rwehutano hwemukati hwemukati, kushandiswa mukati mababa chifananidzo icho chinoshingedza kubvisa zvinokurudzira zve id uye kuita kuti ego ishande pane izvi zvinotarisirwa.
MuEgo uye Id , Freud akatsanangura kuti superego yemwana inochengetedza unhu hwebaba vomwana uye kuti manzwiro akaoma eOedipus complex anobva apfurwa. Kunze kwezvinhu zvinosanganisira mitemo yevanhu, dzidziso dzechitendero, uye dzimwe tsika dzetsika dzinobatsira kubatsira kudzvinyirira kweOedipal complex.
Icho chiri kunze kweizvi kuti hana yomwana inotanga, kana pfungwa yake yose yezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvisinei, Freud akataura zvakare kuti manzwiro aya akadzokidzwa angaitawo kuti ave nemanzwiro asingazivi kuti ane mhosva. Kunyange zvazvo iyi mhosva ingave isina kunyanya kunzwa, inogona kunge ine simba pamusoro pezvaanoziva.
Zvakadini Kana Oedipus Complex Haisati Yakagadziriswa?
Saka chii chinoitika apo dambudziko reOedipus harisi kugadziriswa zvakanaka? Sezvo apo nharo pane dzimwe nhanho dzepfungwa dzekusangana dzisina kugadziriswa, kugadziriswa panguva iyoyo mukugadzirwa kunogona kuguma. Freud akarayira kuti vakomana vasingatarwi nehondo iyi vanobudirira kuva "amai-vakarongedzwa" apo vasikana vanova "baba-vakagadzirirwa." Sezvo vakwegura, vanhu ava vachatsvaka shamwari dzepabonde dzinofanana nevabereki vavo vanoita zvepabonde.
> Sources:
> Freud, S. Kuparara kweOedipus complex. Standard Edition. 1924; 19: 172-179.
> Freud, S. Mubvunzo we Lay Layysis, Standard Edition. 1926; 20: 183-250.
> Freud, S. An Outline of Psychoanalysis, James Strachey Trans. New York: Norton; 1940.
> Mitchen, SA & Black, M. Freud uye Beyond: A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought. New York: Basic Books; 2016.
> Hockenbury, DH & Hockenbury, SE. Psychology. New York: Worth Worth Publishers; 2012.