Zvakakosha Sei IQ yekuziva?
MuChirwere chekuona uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders version 4 (DSM-IV), pane chiitiko chekutsvaga chinonzi "kutadza pfungwa." Muna 2013, apo itsva DSM-5 yakabuda, kutadza kwepfungwa kwakange kwanyangarika; munzvimbo yaro yaiva chirwere chitsva chinonzi "pfungwa yekuvandudza dambudziko."
Vanhu vane "kurasika kwepfungwa" vakaonekwa kuti vanoshandisa DSM-IV, uye kuongororwa kwakaitwa kunyanya kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweiyo IQ miedzo .
Kana IQ zvikwata zvabuda pasi pe70, munhu wacho aifungidzirwa kuva nehurema hwepfungwa.
Vanhu vane "chirwere chekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa" vanoonekwa kuti vanoshandisa DSM-5, uye apo zvikamu zveIQ zvichiri kuita basa rinokosha, dzimwe nyaya dzinofungidzirwa. Maererano neIntellectual Disability Fact Sheet kubva kuAmerican Psychiatric Association (iyo inoparidzira DSM):
Mu DSM-5, kuremara kwepfungwa kunofungidzirwa kunge kune maitiro maviri akasiyana-siyana kana pasi pehuwandu hwevanhu, izvo zvakaenzana neIQ yevanenge makumi manomwe kana pasi. Kuongorora kwehuchenjeri kune dzimwe nzvimbo nhatu (pfungwa, hutano, uye zvinobatsira) zvichaita kuti vanachiremba vatange kugadziriswa kwavo pamagumisiro ekushayikwa kwepfungwa mupfungwa dzepamusoro pakushanda kunodiwa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwerongwa hwekurapa. Izvo zvakarongedzwa zvinoshandiswa zvichabatsira vanachiremba kuti vave nehuwandu, zvakajeka mufananidzo wevarwere, danho rakakosha pakuvapa nemishonga inoshanda uye mabasa.
Borderline Intellectual Functioning
Kushanda kwepfungwa kwakagadziriswa kunoreva kuongororwa kwehuchenjeri huwandu hunosvika mukati ma70 kusvika ku75 huri pahutano hwekuchenjera huwandu hwemakumi maviri uye kukanganisa kwakaenzana kwepakati 15. Iyo yakatarwa inonzi "borderline" nokuti iri pamucheto wemiganhu yekutarisa kwekuremara kwepfungwa (kare inonzi kunonoka kwepfungwa) muDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM).
Nhamba dzakakodzana mukati memakore makumi manomwe kusvika ku75 dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinofanirwa nekushanda kwemagariro uye dzinogona kuratidza kuremara kwepfungwa. Zvisinei, zvinokurudzirwa kuti zviyero zvizhinji zvekuedza zviongorwe kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuongorora. Hapana kuongororwa kunofanira kuitwa pamusana pekuedzwa kumwe chete.
Vanhu vane Borderline Intellectual Functioning Vanogamuchira State kana Federal Federal Services?
Munguva yapfuura, nekuda kwehuwandu hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hunopiwa huwandu hweIQ dzega, vanhu vane zvikamu pakati pe70 ne75 zvakawanzosikwa mabasa uye zvinotsigirwa kune vanhu vane zvikamu pasi pe 70. Nhasi, zvakadaro, kune zvakanyanya kusimbiswa kwevanhu kushanda nekugadzirisa hutano hwezuva nezuva. Nokudaro, kana munhu ane ruzivo rwakakwana rwemapfungwa, anogona kana kuti asingagamuchiri mazano. Kutsigira kunobva pane zvimwe zvinhu; semuyenzaniso:
- Ndezvipi zvimwe zvirwere zvinotarisana zvinopfurikidza nekuremara kwepfungwa dzomumiganhu? Semuenzaniso, munhu ane autism uye IQ ye75 inogona kunge yakaoma zvikuru nemabasa ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva pane munhu ane IQ uye Down Syndrome.
- Munhu uyu anogara kupi? Mitemo ine chokuita nehurumende inoshandiswa inosiyana kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe nyika.
- Ndeapi mararamiro anowanikwa kune munhu mumamiriro ake ezvinhu?
- Uyu munhu ane matambudziko emumuviri anoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kwaari kuti aite unyanzvi hupenyu hwese? Zvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde zvinokonzera kuderedza IQ zvinogona kukonzera kuderedzwa kwemazwi emusana, kusawirirana kwakashata, uye zvimwe zvinhu.