Kufanana uye Kusiyana pakati Freud naErikson
Shanduro yeSagmund Freud yekufunga nezvepabonde uye Eric Erikson's psychosocial theory ndedzidziso mbiri dzinozivikanwa dzekugadzirwa. Kunyange zvazvo aive nemafungiro aFrud, pfungwa yaErikson yakasiyana nenzira dzinoverengeka dzinokosha.
Kufanana naFreud, Erikson akatenda kuti unhu hunotanga mumutsara wezvikamu zvakatemerwa. Kusiyana nedzidziso yaFerud yezvikamu zvepabonde, pfungwa yeErikson inotsanangura zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwevanhu munharaunda yose yeupenyu.
Ngatifananisei uye tisiyanise mazano aya maviri nekuona zvimwe zvekufananidzwa nekusiyana pane imwe nhanho.
Zera: Kuberekwa kusvika kune 1 Gore
Dzidziso mbiri dzekuvandudzwa mbiri dzinotarisa kukosha kwezvakaitika kare, asi pane zvakakosha kusiyana pakati pemafungiro aFrud uye Erikson. Freud yakakosha pamusoro pekukosha kwekudya, asi Erikson ainyanya kunetseka kuti vateereri vanoita sei zvinodiwa nemwana.
Matanho a Freud ekufambisa kwepfungwa
- Freud akadana izvi mumuromo wemuromo.
- Panguva ino mukurudzirwa, mwana anonyanya kunakidzwa nemufaro achishandisa muromo kuburikidza nekuyamwisa, kudya, uye kunonaka.
- Zvinetso nezvikamu izvi zvinogona kukonzera izvo Freud anotaurwa sekugadzirisa mumuromo.
Matanho eErikson ekuvandudzika kwepfungwa
- Erikson akadana izvi kuvimba nekusavimba .
- Vana vanodzidza kune kuvimba kana kusavimba nevatarisiri vavo.
- Kutarisira kunoitwa nevanhu vakuru kunogadza kuti vana vanoita sei pfungwa iyi yekuvimba munyika inenge yakapoteredza.
- Vana vasingagamuchiri kutarisira kwakakwana nekuvimbika vanogona kuva nemanzwiro okusavimba nevamwe uye nyika.
Zera: 1 kusvika 3 Makore
Kunyange zvazvo kune huwandu hwakasiyana pakati pemafungiro aErikson naFrud, maonero avo ose anotarisa kuti vana vanoita sei pfungwa yekuzvimiririra uye kubata.
Psychosexual Development:
- Freud anonzi iyi ndiyo nhanho yakafanana yekuvandudza.
- Vana vanowana pfungwa yekugona uye kukwanisa kuburikidza nekudzora chikwama uye maronda.
- Vana vanobudirira pazera iri vanokudziridza pfungwa yekugona uye kubudirira.
- Vaya vane matambudziko panguva iyi vanogona kukurudzira kugadzirisa mhuka. Sezvo vakwegura, vangave vakanyanyisa kurongeka kana kusvibiswa.
Kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa:
- Erikson akadana izvi uku kuzvimirira nekunyadzisa uye kusahadzika .
- Vana vanokudziridza kuzvigutsikana nekudzora zvinhu zvakadai sekudya, chimbudzi kudzidzisa, uye kutaura.
- Vaya vanobudirira padanho rino vanokudziridza pfungwa yekusununguka apo avo vanorwisana vachasara vachizvinyima.
Mazera: Makore matatu kusvika ku6
Munguva yepakutanga uye yepakutanga yemakore ekutanga, dzidziso yaFrud yainyanya kukoshesa nebasa re libido apo nharo yaErikson yainyanya kutaura nezvekuti vana vanobatana sei nevabereki nevezera ravo.
Dzidziso yaFeudud:
- Freud inotumidzwa kune iyi sepallic stage.
- Iko libido simba rinotarisa kumararamiro. Vana vanotanga kuzivikanwa nevabereki vavo vanoita zvepabonde.
- Vakomana vanoona dambudziko reOedipus apo vasikana vanoona dambudziko re Electra .
Dzidziso yaErikson:
- Erikson akashevedza ichi ichi chinotarisana nekutadza .
- Vana vanotanga kutora mamwe masimba pamusoro pezvakatipoteredza.
- Vaya vanobudirira panhanho iyi vanoita pfungwa yechinangwa apo avo vanorwisana vanosiyiwa nemanzwiro ekutadza.
Mazera: Makore manomwe kusvika ku11
Freud aidavira kuti zera iri rakashanda sechinguva chepakati pehuduku nekuyaruka. Erikson, kune rumwe rutivi, aidavira kuti vana vanoenderera mberi kukurudzira pfungwa yekuzvimirira uye unyanzvi.
Psychosexual Development:
- Freud inotumidzwa kune iyi seyo nguva yakaderera.
- Iko libido simba rinodzvinyirirwa uye vana vanotarisa pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sekoro, shamwari, uye zvinokuvaraidza.
- Freud akatenda kuti danho iri rakakosha pakuvandudza unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu uye kuzvivimba.
Kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa:
- Erikson akadana iyi iyi mhizha maererano nekuderera kwepakati .
- Vana vanokudziridza pfungwa yekukwanisa kuburikidza nekuziva unyanzvi hutsva.
- Vana vanobudirira padanho rino vanokudza kuzvikudza mune zvavakaita apo avo vanonetseka vangasara vachifunga kuti havakwanisi.
Zera: Adolescence
Kuyaruka kwakaita basa rakakosha mune zvose maonero aFrud uye Erikson ekufambisa. Mune mibvunzo mbiri, vechidiki vanotanga kuumba pfungwa yavo yehuzivi.
Dzidziso yaFeudud:
- Freud inotarirwa kune iyi pfungwa mukufambira mberi kwepfungwa dzepabonde sejeri rekuberekwa.
- Vana vanotanga kuongorora hukama hwehukama.
- Chinangwa chemukati uyu ndechekudziridza pfungwa yekuenzanisa pakati pezvinhu zvose zvehupenyu. Vaya vakabudirira kupedza matanho ekutanga vava kushambidza, kutarisira uye kugadziriswa zvakanaka.
Dzidziso yaErikson:
- Erikson akashevedza pfungwa iyi mukukura kwepfungwa dzehupfumi hunhu hunoenderana nehuwandu hwekuvhiringidza .
- Vana vanokudziridza ruzivo rwemunhu uye pfungwa yega.
- Vechiduku vanoongorora mabasa akasiyana, mafungiro, uye ruzivo sezvavanokudziridza manzwiro ega.
- Vaya vanogamuchira rubatsiro nekukurudzirwa vachabuda nepfungwa yakasimba yevari ivo uye zvavanoda kuita.
- Vaya vanotambudzika kuti vagadzirise hutsvene hwakasimba vacharamba vachivhiringidzika kuti ndivanaani uye zvavanoda kuita nehupenyu hwavo.
Zera: Vakuru
Nhepfenyuro yaFeudud inongonyanya kutaura nezvekuvandudzwa pakati pekuberekwa nemakore ekuyaruka, zvichiratidza kuti unhu hunonyanya kuiswa mumatombo kubva paucheche. Erikson, kune rumwe rutivi, akatora nzira yeupenyu uye akatenda kuti kubudirira kunopfuurira kunyange pakukwegura.
Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development:
- Dzidziso yaFeudud inonyanya kukoshesa nguva yekuzvarwa nekuyaruka.
- Maererano naFeudud, danho rekuberekwa rinosvika pakukura. Akafunga kuti chinangwa ndechokudziridza hutano pakati pezvinhu zvose zvehupenyu.
Nharo yaErikson yekuvandudza kwepfungwa:
> Sources:
> Newman, BM & Newman, PR. Kubudirira kuburikidza nehupenyu: Nzira yezvepfungwa. Boston, MA: Cengage Kudzidza; 2017.
> Schaffer, DR & Kipp, K. Developmental Psychology: Kubata neAdolescence. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2010.
- Dzidziso yeEkskons inosanganisira zvikamu zvitatuzve zvinotarisa vanhu vakuru. Aya matanho matatu ndeokuti:
Kushamwaridzana nekusangana nevamwe : Vechidiki vaduku vanotsvaka rudo rwe rudo uye ushamwari.
Generativity vs Kusangana : VaMidhi -vakuru vane hutano vanobatsira vamwe uye vanobatsirana munzanga.
Kuvimbika Nekuora Mwoyo : Vanhu vakuru vakwegura vanofunga nezvehupenyu hwavo, vachitarisa shure nechinangwa chokuzadzika kana kutsamwa.