Kune mafungiro akawanda epfungwa anoshandiswa kutsanangura uye kufanotaura zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviito. Chimwe chezvinhu zvokutanga izvo mudzidzi wepfungwa yepfungwa anogona kuona kuti pane chokwadi chemafungiro epfungwa ekudzidza. Freud's psychoanalytic theory, nharo yaErikson yepfungwa dzepfungwa, Nyaya huru yeChitatu uye dzidziso yeBhuura yekugara kwevanhu ndeye mienzaniso mishomanana inogona kuitika mupfungwa.
Ndeipi chaiyo chinangwa chokuve nemafungiro akawanda epfungwa ?
Aya mazano anoshanda zvinangwa zvakakosha. Ngatitarisei zvikonzero zvitatu zvinokosha nei pfungwa dzepfungwa dziripo:
Nhetori Inopa Chikonzero Chekunzwisisa Pfungwa uye Maitiro
Mafungiro anopa hurongwa hwekunzwisisa maitiro evanhu, kufunga, uye kubudirira. Nokuva nenheyo yakazara yeku kunzwisisa pamusoro pokuti sei uye sei nekuita kwehutsika hwevanhu, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani isu nevamwe.
Nharo imwe neimwe inopa chirevo chekunzwisisa chimwe chinhu chekuita kwevanhu. Nzira dzekuzvibata, somuenzaniso, kupa chikonzero chekunzwisisa kuti vanhu vanodzidza sei zvinhu zvitsva. Kuburikidza ne-lens yezvirevo izvi, tinogona kunyatsoongorora dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana dzokuti kudzidza kunowanikwa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinokonzera rudzi urwu rwekudzidza.
Dzidziso Inogona Kukurudzira Kwapera Ongororo
Dzidziso dzinoita chikonzero chekutsvakurudza mune ramangwana.
Vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa dzidziso kuti vagadzire mafungiro anokwanisa kuongororwa. Sezvo zvitsva zvitsva zvinogadzirwa uye zvichisanganiswa munyaya yepakutanga, mibvunzo mitsva nemafungiro zvingagona kuongororwa.
Dzidziso Inogona Kuchinja
Dzidziso dzakasimba uye dzinochinja nguva dzose. Sezvo zvitsva zvinowanikwa zvinoitwa, zvinyorwa zvinoshandurwa uye zvinogadziriswa kuti zviongorore ruzivo rutsva.
Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva dzichiendeswa sechimiro uye chakasimbiswa, dzinowanzochinja kune nguva sezvo kutsvakurudza kutsva kunoongororwa. Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, somuenzaniso, zvakatanga nebasa raJohn Bowlby naMaria Ainsworth uye rakawedzera nekukura kuti rive netsanangudzo matsva yemhando dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza.
A Few Major Theoretical Perspectives
Pakave nehuwandu hwezvakakosha zvepfungwa dzakatarisa dzakange dzine simba kune nhoroondo yepfungwa. Kunyange nanhasi, vazhinji vezvepfungwa dzepfungwa vanowanzotarisa kutsvakurudza kwavo kuburikidza ne-lens pane imwe nzira yekufungidzira. Nhema dzinofanirwa kuwira mune imwe yezvishoma zvisikwa zvakasiyana.
- Mafungiro makuru anoedza kutsanangura zvinhu zvizhinji zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Freud's psychoanalytic theory uye Erikson's psychosocial theory.
- Mini-dzidziso , kune rumwe rutivi, funga kurondedzera zvishoma nezvishoma maitiro.
- Emergent theories ndeyeya itsva uye kazhinji inosanganisira kusanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva mashoma. Dzigotsky's sociocultural theory ndeyeiyo yedzidziso yekupedzisira.
Mimwe mienzaniso yedzidziso idzi dzinosanganisira:
Psychoanalytic Theory
Shanduro yeSagmund Freud's psychoanalytic inoratidza kuti zvishuvo zvisingazivi uye zvishuvo zvinokanganisa maitiro evanhu.
Iyi maonero anoratidza kuti kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi zvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzikana kwepfungwa uye kushushikana.
Maitiro ekuita maitiro
Maitiro ekutevedzera anoratidza kuti maitiro ose evanhu anokwanisa kutsanangurwa nemitemo yekudzidza. Iyi nzira yekufunga nezvepfungwa yakauya nebasa raJohn B. Watson , uyo aifarira kugadzira pfungwa dzepfungwa sarudzo yekuwedzera yesayenzi inongotarisa pamitambo inooneka uye inogona kuenzaniswa. Akafuridzirwa nebasa rechirwere chemapurusi weRussia Ivan Pavlov, uyo akanga awana uye akarondedzera kushandiswa kwechigadziriro chechigadziriro , Watson akaratidza kuti maitiro akasiyana aigona kunge akaiswa sei.
Basa rekupedzisira raBF Skinner rakazivisa pfungwa yekushanda mamiriro ezvinhu , iyo yakatarisa kuti kusimbiswa nekurangwa kwakatungamirira sei kudzidza.
Kuchenjerera Kwekugadzirisa Inyanzvi
Jean Piaget akabudisa imwe nhoroondo yakazivikanwa zvikuru. Nheyo yake yekugutsikana kwepfungwa yakarondedzera kukura kwekuchenjera kwevana kubvira pakuberekwa uye kusvika muhuduku. Iyi nyanzvi inoratidza kuti vana vanoita zvishoma semasayendisiti maduku sezvavanoita nekushingaira zivo yavo yenyika.
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Muongorori wepfungwa weRussia Lev Vygotsky akakumbira sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rekuvandudza iyo ndiyo muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti zvidzidzo zvitsva zvinowanzovakira sei mazano ekare. Piaget akakurudzira Vygotsky, asi pfungwa yake yakaratidza kuti zvakawanda zvekudzidza zvinokonzerwa nekubatana kwakasimba pakati pevanhu uye tsika yavo.