John B. Watson aiva nyanzvi yepfungwa inopayona iyo yakaita basa rinokosha pakusimudzira tsika . Watson aidavira kuti psychology inofanira kunyanya kuve inoitwa nesayenzi. Anorangarirwa nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwake pamusoro pemamiriro ekugadzirisa , pamwe chete neChidiki chaAlbert, umo akaratidza kuti mwana anogona kugadziriswa kuti atye kusagadzikana kwepamberi mune zvematongerwe enyika.
Kutsvakurudza kwake kwakaratidzawo kuti kutya uku kunogona kuiswa kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana.
Upenyu Hwekutanga
John B. Watson akazvarwa musi waJanuary 9, 1878, uye akakurira kuSouth Carolina. Apo iye akazozvitsanangura iye pachake semudzidzi murombo, akapinda muFurman University pazera remakore 16. Apedza kudzidza makore mashanu gare gare ane chiremba chetenzi, akatanga kudzidza kudzidza kwepfungwa paYunivhesiti yeChicago, achiwana Ph.D. muna psychology muna 1903.
Career
Watson akatanga kudzidzisa zvepfungwa paJohn Hopkins University muna 1908. Muna 1913, akapa hurukuro yemasinari ku Columbia University yakanzi "Psychology seBehaviorist Views It," iyo inonyatsotsanangura maitiro ekutenda.
Maererano naWatson, kuongorora kwepfungwa kunofanira kunge iri sayenzi yekuzvibata.
"Psychology semunhu anozviona seanongova chinangwa chechinangwa chekuongorora masayenzi ezvesayenzi chaiyo Chinangwa chayo chinangwa ndechekufanotaura uye kutonga kwekuita. izvo zvavanozvikweretesa ivo mukududzirwa maererano nekuziva. "- John B. Watson," Psychology seMudzimai Wekuona Izvo, "1913
Iyo "Little Albert" Kuedza
Mune mukurumbira wake unozivikanwa uye unokakavadzana , unozivikanwa nhasi se "Little Albert" kuedza , John Watson uye mumwe mudzidzi anonzi ainzi Rosalie Rayner akagadzirisa mwana muduku kuti atye rutsvuku. Vakagadzirisa izvi nekudzokorora kakawanda kori yakachena nezwi guru, rinotyisa rinotyisa.
Vaivewo vakakwanisa kuratidzira kuti kutya uku kunogona kuve kune mamwe maitiro machena, furry. Maitiro ekuedza aya anowanzotsoropodzwa nhasi, kunyanya nokuti kutya kwevana hakuna kumbobviswa.
Muna 2009, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuziva Little Albert semukomana anonzi Douglas Merritte. Kubvunzurudza zvakaitika kune mwana kwakange kuchifadza vazhinji kwemakumi emakore. Zvinosuruvarisa, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti mwana akafa pazera remakore matanhatu ehydrocephalus, chirwere chekurapa umo mvura inowedzera mukati mehenya.
Muna 2012, vatsvakurudzi vakapa uchapupu hwokuti Merritte akatambura nehutachiona hwehutano panguva yeA Little Albert kuedza uye kuti Watson angave akaziva zvisiri izvo mukomana uyu se "ane utano" uye "mwana".
Kusiya Chikoro
Watson akagara paJohn Hopkins University kusvika muna 1920. Aiva nehukama naRayner, akarambana nomudzimai wake wekutanga, uye akabva akumbirwa neyunivhesiti kuti asiye basa rake. Watson akazoroorwa naRayner uye avo vaviri vakagara pamwe chete kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1935. Mushure mokubva panzvimbo yake yepamusoro, Watson akatanga kushanda kune imwe sangano rekuparidzira kwaakaramba aripo kusvikira asara mu1945.
Munguva yekupedzisira yehupenyu hwake, Watson ane hukama husina hukama nevana vake hwakaramba huchiwedzera.
Akapedza makore ake okupedzisira achigara hupenyu huripo huri purazi muConnecticut. Nguva pfupi asati afa paSeptember 25, 1958, akapisa akawanda emapepanhau ake asina kunyorwa uye tsamba.
Contributions to Psychology
Watson akaisa danho rekuzvibata, izvo zvakasimuka zvakasimuka kuti zvive nesimba pamusoro pepfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo kusazvibata kwakatanga kurasikirwa nebasa rayo mushure me1950, dzakawanda zvemashoko nemitemo zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi. Kugadzirisa uye kuchinja maitiro kunoramba kuchishandiswa zvikuru mukurapa uye kudzidzira kudzidzira kubatsira vatengi kuchinja maitiro ekutambudza nekuvandudza unyanzvi hutsva.
Achivevements and Awards
Mazuva eupenyu hwaAlton uye zvikwereti zvinosanganisira:
- 1915-Akashanda semutungamiriri weAmerican Psychological Association (APA)
- 1919-Yakabudiswa "Psychology Kubva Pfungwa Yevadzidzisi"
- 1925-Yakabudiswa "Behaviorism"
- 1928-Yakabudiswa "Psychological Care of Infant and Child"
- 1957-Yakagamuchira mupi weAAPA pamipiro yepfungwa
Selected Publications
Heano mamwe emabasa aWatson kuti awedzere kuverenga:
- Watson JB. Psychology seMudzidzisi Maonero Izvo. Muna: Green CD, ed. Makirasiki muNhoroondo yePsychology. Psychological Review . 1913; 20: 158-177.
- Watson JB, Rayner R. Akafanirwa Maitiro Emotional. Muna: Green CD, ed. Makirasiki muNhoroondo yePsychology. Zvinyorwa zveUongorori Pepychology. 1920; 3 (1): 1-14.
Famous Quote
"Ndipei vana vane gumi vane utano hwakanaka, vakagadzirirwa zvakanaka, uye nyika yangu chaiyo kuti ndivadzorere uye ini ndichavimbisa kuti ndichatora chero munhu pasina uye ndinomudzidzisa kuti ave chero nyanzvi yemuongorori yandingasarudza-chiremba, gweta, nyanzvi , mutengesi-mukuru, uye, hongu, kunyange mupemhi-murume nembavha, pasinei nematarenda ake, maitiro, maitiro, mano, ruzivo, uye rudzi rwemadzitateguru ake ndiri kuenda kune zvangu uye ini ndinozvibvuma, asi zvakadaro vatsigiri vekupesana uye vave vachizviita nekuda kwezviuru zvemakore. " -John B. Watson, "Behaviorism," 1925
> Sources
- > Watson JB. Behaviorism. New York: People's Institute Publishing Company; 1925.
- > Watson JB. Psychology seMudzidzisi Maonero Izvo. Muna: Green CD, ed. Makirasiki muNhoroondo yePsychology. Psychological Review . 1913; 20: 158-177.