Sociocultural theory ndeyekudzidzira mafungiro mune zvepfungwa, iyo inotarisa zvipo zvinokosha izvo hutano hunoita kumunhu mumwe nomumwe kubudirira. Iyi nyanzvi inosimbisa kubatana pakati pevanhu vanofambira mberi uye tsika yavanogara. Iyi dzidziso inoratidza kuti kudzidza kwevanhu kunonyanya kushandiswa kwevanhu.
Chirongwa cheNationalocultural Theory
Sociocultural theory yakakura kubva kubasa rezvepfungwa dzepfungwa rinonzi Lev Vygotsky , uyo aidavira kuti vabereki, vatarisi, vezera, uye tsika zvakakura vaiva nebasa rekusimudzira mabasa epamusoro.
Maererano neVigotsky, kudzidza kunobatsira pakubatana nevamwe vanhu. Kana izvi zvangoitika, ruzivo rwakabva rwabatanidzwa pamunhu mumwechete:
Vygotsky aigara panguva yakafanana nevamwe vaifunga zvikuru saFreud , Skinner , uye Piaget , asi kufa kwake kwekutanga pazera remakore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu uye kubviswa kwebasa rake muStalinist Russia kwakamusiya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura. Sezvo basa rake rakava rakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya, pfungwa dzake dzakanyanya kuwedzerwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo kusanganisira vana kukura, kunzwisisa kwepfungwa , uye dzidzo.
Sociocultural theory haisi kungoita kuti vanhu vakuru nevezera ravo vanokanganisa sei kudzidza, asiwo nezvekutenda kwetsika nemafungiro kunobatsira sei kudzidziswa nekudzidza kunoitika.
Maererano naVigotsky, vana vanoberekwa vane zvigadziriswa zvezvakaberekwa mupfungwa dzavo. Chimiro chega chega, kunyange zvakadaro, chinopa izvo zvaaireva se 'zvigadzirwa zvekuchenjera kugadzirisa.' Zvishandiso izvi zvinobvumira vana kuti vashandise mano avo ekufunga mupfungwa nenzira inogadzirisa tsika yavo yavanogara. Semuenzaniso, apo imwe tsika inogona kusimbisa nzira dzekuyeuka dzakadai sekucherechedza-kutora, dzimwe tsika dzingashandisa zvishandiso sezviyeuchidzo kana kubata musoro.
Piaget vs. Vygotsky: Kusiyana Kukuru
Saka maitiro aVikgotsky anokonzerwa sei nemasikirwo akasiyana sei nedzidziso yaPagaget yekuvandudza pfungwa ?
Chokutanga, Vygotsky akaisa zvakanyanya kukurudzira kuti hukama hwevanhu hunobatsira sei kubudirira. Nepo nharo yaPiaget yakasimbisa kuti kushamwaridzana kwemwana nekutsvaga kwakakonzera kukurudzirwa, Vygotsky akasimbisa basa rinokosha iro kushamwaridzana kwevanhu kunobatsira mukugadzirisa pfungwa.
Chimwe chikamu chakakosha pakati pezvinyorwa zviviri ndechokuti apo nharo yaPiaget inoratidza kuti kubudirira kunowanikwa pasi rose, Vygotsky akataura kuti kubudirira kwekufunga kunogona kusiyanisa pakati pemitemo yakasiyana. Nzira yekufambira mberi mune tsika dzekuMadokero, somuenzaniso, inogona kunge yakasiyana nedzimwe mumutauro weEastern.
The Zone of Proximal Development
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha mumagariro evanhu vane tsika dzakasiyana-siyana inozivikanwa sezvenzvimbo yekusimudzira zvakanyanya .
Maererano naVaVikotsky, nzvimbo yekutsvaga kwekutsvaga "ndiyo nzvimbo iri pakati pechiratidzo chaicho chekugadziriswa sekugadziriswa nekuzvimirira kunetseka uye nehutano hwekugadziriswa kunogona kusarudzwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa matambudziko pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevanhu vakuru kana kubatana nevamwe vezera rinokwanisa."
Chaizvoizvo, rinosanganisira zvose ruzivo uye unyanzvi izvo munhu haakwanisi kunzwisisa kana kuzviita ari oga asi anokwanisa kudzidza nekutungamirirwa. Sezvo vana vachibvumirwa kutambanudza unyanzvi hwavo uye ruzivo, kazhinji kuburikidza nekucherechedza mumwe munhu anonyanya kukunda kupfuura ivo, vanokwanisa kuenderera mberi zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo ino yekusimudzira mberi.
Mherechedzo Pamusoro Pechikoro Chekudzidza Kudzidza
Mutsamba yake, "Social and Personality Development," munyori David R. Shaffer anotsanangura kuti kunyange zvazvo Piaget aifunga kuti kubudirira kwepfungwa kunongowanikwa pasi rose, Vygotsky aidavira kuti tsika imwe neimwe ine kusiyana kwakasiyana. Nemhaka yokuti tsika dzingasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana, dzidziso yaVa Vygotsky inyanzvi inoratidza kuti zvose zvidzidzo uye zvakagadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwepfungwa hazvisi sepasi rose sezvakaitwa naPiaget.
> Sources
> Vygotsky, LS (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
> Vygotsky, L. (1986). Kufunga uye mutauro. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
> Shaffer, DR (2009). Social and Personality Development. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.