Chirwere chekuchengetwa kwezvipfuwo (AAT) dzimwe nguva chinoshandiswa mukurapa kwehutano hwehupfumi hwevanhu (SAD). Mhuka dzinogona kunge dzakakodzerwa zvakakwana kubatsira vanhu vane SAD, sezvo vachipa rubatsiro rusina mhosva uye mukana wekudzidza nezvekubatana nevamwe.
Nhoroondo yeAAT
AAT yakadzoka kuma1940 apo imwe nhengo yeuto yakaunza Yorkshire Terrier kuchipatara kuti inofadze masoja akakuvadzwa.
Yakatanga nemwoyo wose mukutanga kwema1990; kunyange zvakadaro, ichiri munda mutsva. AAT inoshandisa mhuka dzakadzidziswa kuti dziwedzere hukama, hwemagariro, uye hukama hwehutano hwevatengi.
AAT inotsanangurwa neAmerica Humane Association se "chinangwa-chinotungamirirwa mukati mechimwe chikamu chinoshandiswa sechikamu chechirongwa chekuchengetedza utano hwehutano. AAT inopiwa kana inotungamirirwa nehutano hwehutano kana hupi hwehupi hwevanhu hunoratidza unyanzvi uye unyanzvi pamusoro pemakiriniki ekugadzirisa kwekubatana kwevanhu-mhuka. "
Mhuka Iyo Inoshandiswa Mukurapa kweSAD
Chirwere chinotsigirwa nemhuka hachirevi imwe nzira yekurapa. Somuenzaniso, mhuka dzinowanikwa mune zvose kubva pakuziva-maitiro-behavioral therapy (CBT) kusvika kuhutano hwepfungwa . Mhuka iripo kuti ibatsire mukurapa kwekurapa, kwete kuendesa nzira yekurapa.
Mhuka dzinoshandiswa mukurapa dzinogona kuva dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana.
Imbwa nemabhiza ndizvo izvo vanhu vakawanda vanofunga pavanoona zvirwere zvechirwere, asi kunyange mhuka dzakawanda dzinogona kushanda mukurapa.
Ndezvipi zvipi mhuka zvinotamba mukurapa? Kune zviverengero zvakasiyana-siyana zverapi yeSAD iyo mhuka inogona kubatsira ne:
- Mhuka dzinogona kukubatsira kuti uwedzere kuzvidzora kwako, kukudziridza unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu, uye kuderedza zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo.
- Muchikamu chechirongwa cheSAD , mhuka dzinogona kubatsira kuwedzera kushamwaridzana pakati pevadzidzi. Zvechokwadi, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti boka rinoshungurudzika mune zvemagariro richitungamirirwa nemunhu akanaka ane furry ingangove yakanyanya kuzarura uye kutaurirana.
- Mune imwe-in-onerapirapi, mhuka inogona kukubatsira kuti unzwe wakachengeteka uye kuvaka chikwata nemushandi wako.
- Mhuka dzakadai semabhiza nembwa dzinotakura pane zvinyorwa muhukama hwehukama. Murapi wako anogona kushandisa maitiro aya kutungamira zvirongwa zverapi. Somuenzaniso, mushonga wako anogona kukuratidza kuti maitiro ako (anobata kana kuti standoffish) achakanganisa sei mhuka yacho inopindura iwe. Iyi inzira yakajeka yekuona kuti tsika yako inobata sei avo vari pedo newe.
- Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidzawo kuti mhuka dzine simba rokudzivisa, kuderedza kushanda kweropa nekuzvidya mwoyo. Kuva nemhuka mumisangano yako yekurapa ichakubatsira kuti unzwe wakasununguka.
- Mhuka dziri muchipatara dzinopa mukana wekupa rudo uye kuigamuchira. Izvi zvingave zvakanyanya kubatsira kune vana nevechiri kuyaruka vari kutambura kuwana hukama pakati pemhuri kana vezera.
Mhuka dziri muchipatara dzinogona kubatsira kuderedza kuora mwoyo uye kuvhara. Pakati pevana, vanogona kubatsira munzanga yekutaura.
Pakupedzisira, kuva nemhuka mumisangano yako yekurapa kunoreva kuti chinangwa hachizi zvose kwauri - chimwe chinhu icho avo vane SAD vangawana kukura mumatangi ekutanga.
Mhuka dzinoshandiswa mukurapa dzinogona kushanda mune chero ipi zvayo zvinotevera:
- maimba ekuyamwisa
- zvipatara
- zvikoro
- makiraibhurari
- correctional facilities
- rehabilitation centers
Kusiyana pakati peTherapy Mhuka nePfungwa dzeMapapiro Mhuka dzeSAD
Mhuka dzinobatsira nerapi hazvisi zvakafanana nemhuka dzepfungwa dzepfungwa . Mhuka dzebasa dzinogara nevanhu vane mafungiro epfungwa uye mamwe akwegura kuti avabatsire nemabasa ekugara kwezuva, sekuyeuka kutora mishonga kana kudzidzira kuziva zviratidzo zvekukurumidza kunetseka. Mhuka dzebasa dzinoiswa pasi pekuchengetedzwa kweAmerica Disability Act (ADA) munyaya iyi.
Uchapupu Hwokutsigira Kurapa Kwemhuka-Kubatsira
Pane huwandu hwehutano hwehutano hwehutachiona uye huongorori hwezvakaitika mukutsigira chirwere chekubatsira mhuka, asi kwete kuongororwa kwenguva refu kwekutsvakurudzwa kwakaitwa.
Chidzidzo chegore ra2008 chakabudiswa mumagazini "Psychiatric Services" chakaongorora kana chirongwa chimwechete chechirwere chekubatsira mhuka chakaita kuti vanhu vawedzere kuzvidya mwoyo muzvipatara makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe nevarwere vezvechirwere chepfungwa uye kuti izvi zvaive zvakabatana nehutano hwavo. Migumisiro yechirongwa ichi yakaratidza kuti kurapa kwakabatsirwa nemhuka kwakabatana nekuderedza kushungurudzika muzvipatara varwere vane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuongororwa kwepfungwa.
A 2007 meta-analysis ye 49 zvidzidzo zvakawana AAT kuti ibatanidzwe nehuwandu hwemagetsi ekuvandudzika mune zvimwe zvinhu zvina: autism-spectrum zviratidzo, zvinetso zvezvehutano, zvinetso zvetsika, uye hukama hwakanaka. Zvinotoshamisa kuti zvikamu zvevatori vechikamu uye zvidzidzo hazvina kuratidza zvikamu zvakasiyana.
Kakawanda, tsvakurudzo yeAAT inoratidza kuti yakavimbiswa apo inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga yemagariro kune zvimwe zvinetso zvingave zvakabatana neSAD, zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo uye hukama hwakanaka. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakanyatsogadziriswa zvinotarisirwa zvinodiwa kuti uone nzira dzakanakisisa dzekushandisa AAT kuitira zvakanyanya kubatsirwa.
AAT Inofambisa Sei Kurapa Kwetsika kweSAD?
Kushandiswa kwezvipfuwo panguva yekurapa kweSAD kunogona kupa zvikomborero zvakawanda:
- Kuwedzera kweoxytocin huwandu hunoita kuti kuderedzwa kwehana yeropa uye kushaya mwoyo. Oxytocin iyo hormone yemagariro iyo inofadza inokanganisa nekubatana kwevanhu-mhuka.
- Vana nevechiri kuyaruka vanogona kubata mhuka-chimwe chinhu chavanenge vasisipo muupenyu hwavo-asi kubata pane zvemazuva ano zvingava zvisina kukodzera.
- Mhuka hadzina kutongwa. Havana kuziva nhoroondo yako kana mamiriro ako kana mamwe mashoko ayo vamwe vangaita dzimwe nguva kukutongai, sekunge pasina kubasa kana kusaroora. Vanokugamuchira iwe kuti ndiwe ani, zvikanganiso uye zvose. Vari kukanganwira uye vanofara kukuona uye vanogara vachifara. Kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba vanogona kutarisira kuzadzikisa zvakanakisisa zvekusarerekera, mhuka dzinowanzoita.
- Kune vana vane chisarudzo chisina kunaka, chirwere umo mwana anokundikana kutaura mune imwe kana mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu nekuda kwekutambudzika kwakanyanya, mhuka dzinogona kuita kuti chirwere chisanyanya kutyisidzira uye kuvabatsira kuti varambe vachirapa kwenguva refu.
Ndiani Asingafaniri Kuwana AAT
Kune vanhu vazhinji vane SAD, hapanofanira kuva nechikonzero chokuti AAT isasakodzera. Zvisinei, kana chimwe chezvizvi zvinotevera zvinoshanda mumamiriro ako ezvinhu, saka AAT haigoni kuve yakakosha.
- Iwe une kutya kwakasimba mhuka. Iwe unoda kushanda kuburikidza nekutya uku kutanga, uye kunyange ipapo AAT inogona kunge isingakubatsiri iwe.
- Iwe une allergiki kune mamwe marudzi emhuka (dzimwe dzingave dzichiri dzakakodzera-kunyange ma dolphins anoita AAT!)
- Iwe wakadzivirira kusachengetedzwa nekuda kweHIV / AIDS, chemotherapy kana kuti rayation yekenza, kana chero mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere. Taura nechiremba wako kana chimwe chezviitiko izvi chichishanda.
Maitiro eAAT Vashandi Vanotungamirirwa
Parizvino hapana dare rinodzora rinotarisira AAT. Zvisinei, masangano akadai sePeter Partners anopa kurovedzwa kwezvipfuwo zvose nevarapi.
Imbwa dzakanyoreswa neTherapy Dogs Munyika yose inofanira kuva negore rekuenzanisira nechiremba wemhuka kuitira kuti iite chikamu muAAT.
Nenzira yakawanda, mhuka dzinobatanidzwa muAAT dzinofanira kunge dzichikwanisa kusvika kune zvinoenderana nekupora uye hutano hwakanaka.
AAT Muenzaniso
Ndeipi nzira iri nani yekuenzanisira kuti AAT inoshanda sei pane imwe yakabva pane imwe nyaya yekudzidza? Muchidimbu ichi chinyorwa chakabudiswa kubva kune imwe nyaya, mushandi wezvekugarisana mune zvehupfumi anonzi Stephen Quinlan anorondedzera kuti zvakanga zvakaita sei kushandisa AAT nemwana ane chisarudzo chisarudzo.
Takashandisa tennis ibhola randinayo muhofisi yangu, uye ndakaita Layla kutanga "kugara" uye "kumirira" apo Charlie akakanda bhora. Ini ndakabva ndasunungura Layla ne "OK." Akarayira shure kwebhola ndokudzoka uye ndakamuudza kuti "adye." Charlie akatarisa zvose zvandakaita izvi ndokubva ataura nezvake. Ndakamubvunza kana aida kuedza. Akashongedza. Kusvika panguva iyi mukurapa, Charlie akanga asina kutaura shoko rimwe kune umwe. Akakwanisa kuseka uye kuita mhere, asi asingakwanisi kutaura. "Si-t" ndiro shoko rokutanga rakashandiswa naCharlie nenzira yakaoma. "Wuh-ait," akaenderera achiti, "OO-KUH!" Akadanidzira nenzwi guru. Layla zvakare akapomerwa mushure mokunge bhora uye Charlie vakashevedzera vachifara. "Duh-Ruh-op," akadaro Charlie pamusoro pokudzoka kwaLalala. "
Mukupfupikisa zvakaitika kwaari, Quinlan anoti " Layla vakange vari vaviri vakagadza Charlie kuti ave mutauro muchikamu uye vakamupa nzvimbo yakanaka kuti adzokere zvakare apo kushungurudzika kwake kwaikosha zvikuru ."
Kwaungawana Chipfuwo-Inobatsira Therapy
Pane dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti uedze uye uwane muongorori weAAT munharaunda yako. Cherechedza kuti iwe unogona kuenda kunzvimbo iyo mhuka dzinoshanda pane kuva nemhuka inouya kwauri.
- Taura neAmerican Humane Association kana kuti American Counseling Association kuti uwane maitiro ako ekugamuchira kurapwa kwechipfuwo.
- Pet Partners isangano rinotsvakurudza rinokurudzira kurapa kwemhuka dzakapoteredza United States.
- Therapy Dogs International (TDI) imwe sangano inogona kubatsira kubatsira.
Sources:
Barker SB, Dawson KS. Migumisiro yekurapa kwechipfuwo-kubatsira rubatsiro pamusana pokuzvidya mwoyo kwezvipatara zvechipatara vane chirwere chepfungwa. Psychiatr Serv . 1998; 49 (6): 797-801. doi: 10.1176 / ps.49.6.797.
Dr Weil's Wellness Therapies. Therapy Assisted Therapy. Yakasvika musi waMay 29, 2016.
Ontario Centre of Excellence kuMwana nevechidiki Mental Health. Uchapupu huripo-kuona: kurapwa kwezvipfuwo. Yakasvika musi waMay 29, 2016.
Quinlan S. Animal Assisted therapy: Kupindira kwehutano mukushanda nevana vane chirwere chekusarudza mutism uye autism spectrum disorder. Yakasvika musi waMay 29, 2016.
Nimer J, Lundahl B. Bhiza rinotsigirwa nemhuka: A meta-analysis. Anthrozoos: Nyaya yeMadridisciplinary of the Interactions of People & Animals. 2007; 20 (3): 225-238.