Kusarudza mutism chirwere chinowanzotaridzirwa muhuduku. Imwe yekutanga inotsanangurwa mhosva yakadzoka muna 1877 apo chiremba wechiGermany Adolph Kussmaul akanyora vana vakanga vasingatauri se "aphasia voluntaria."
Vana vanonyatsoteerera vanokundikana kutaura munharaunda dzakasununguka dzemagariro evanhu, zvakadai sekuchikoro kana munharaunda. Inofungidzirwa kuti pasi pe1% yevana vanotambura nekusarudza mutism.
Kuziva
Kunyange zvazvo kusarura kwechisarudzo kunofanirwa kuti kunotangira mukuzvidya mwoyo, kwakanga kusiri kusarudzwa sechirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo kusvika pane shanduro yakangobva kuDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-V) yakabudiswa muna 2013.
Kushandiswa kweshoko rokuti "kusarudza" kwakagamuchirwa muna 1994, chisati chaitika iyo chirwere ichi chaizivikanwa se "kusarudza mutism." Iko kuchinja kwakaitwa kuti kusimbise kuti vana vane chisarudzo chisarudzo havasi kusarudza kuti vanyarare, asi pane vanotya kutaura.
Zvinonyanya kukosha kwekuongororwa kwechisarudzo chekushamwaridzana nekusagadzirisa mutemo ndiko kusakundikana kwekutaura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda umo mune tariro yekutaura (semuenzaniso, chikoro), pasinei nokutaura mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Zviratidzo zvechisarudzo chekusarura zvinofanira kunge zvakange zviripo kwemwedzi mumwe chete, uye kwete mwedzi wokutanga wechikoro.
Mwana wako anofanira kunzwisisa mutauro akataura uye ave nekwanisi kutaura zvakakodzera mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu (kazhinji mumusha nevanhu vanoziva).
Pakupedzisira, kusava nekutaura kunofanira kupindira nekudzidzira mwana wako zvekudzidzisa kana zvekugarana.
Vana vanorega kutaura kwechinguva mushure mokunge vatamira kune imwe nyika kana kuti vanotarisana nechiitiko chinotambudza chaisazoonekwa nechisarudzo chechisimba.
Zviratidzo
Kana iwe uchidavira kuti mwana wako angave ari kutambura nekusarura mutse, tarisa zviratidzo zvinotevera:
- Kunyara, kutya vanhu uye kusazeza kutaura pakati pemakore maviri nemana emakore
- Kusakwanisa kutaura muchikoro uye nezvimwe zviitiko zvevanhu
- Kushandisa kusinganzwisisiki kutaurirana kuratidza zvido zvinoda (nods head, points)
- Kurondedzera kwechido chekutaura icho chinochengetwa shure nekuzvidya mwoyo, kutya kana kunyadziswa
- Kutaura nyore nyore mune dzimwe mamiriro (semuenzaniso, kumba kana nevanhu vanoziva), asi kwete vamwe
- Kuramba, kutarisa kwemaziso, kusava nehanya kana kutadza kutaura kana pazvinotya mamiriro ezvinhu
Zvinokonzera
Yakambove yakatenda kuti kusarura kusarura kwakaguma nekushungurudzwa kwevana, kushungurudzika, kana kushungurudzika. Kutsvakurudza ikozvino kunoratidza kuti chirwere ichi chakabatana nekunyanya kunetseka kwehutano uye kuti zvizvarwa zvepabonde zvingave zvichida. Kungofanana nezvinetso zvepfungwa, hazvigoneki kuti pane chimwe chinhu chinokonzera.
Kurapa
Kusarudza mutism kunonyanya kugamuchirwa kurapwa painobatwa kare. Kana mwana wako akanyarara pachikoro kwemwedzi miviri kana kupfuura, zvakakosha kuti kurapwa kunotanga nokukurumidza.
Kana chirwere chacho chisati chabatwa kare, pane ngozi yokuti mwana wako achashandiswa kusataura-kuti kunyarara kuchava nzira yehupenyu uye zvakaoma kuchinja.
Chirwere chakajairika chekusarudzira mutans ndekushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvekuita maitiro.
Mipurogiramu yakadaro inosanganisira nzira dzakadai sokusazvidzivirira uye kusimbiswa kwakanaka, kushandiswa zvose kumba uye kuchikoro pasi pekutarisirwa kwechiremba wepfungwa.
Vadzidzisi dzimwe nguva vanogona kuvhiringidzika kana kutsamwa nevana vasingatauri. Iwe unogona kubatsira kuburikidza nekuita chokwadi kuti mudzidzisi wemwana wako unoziva kuti mufambiro hausi wezvokuda. Pamwe chete iwe unoda kukurudzira mwana wako uye kupa rukudzo nemubairo wezviito zvakanaka.
Izvo zvikomborero matanho akanaka kunekutaura chinhu chakanaka, kuranga kunyarara hausi. Kana mwana wako achitya kutaura, haazokunde kutya uku kuburikidza nekumanikidza kana kurangwa.
Mishonga inogonawo kuva yakakodzera, zvikurukuru mumatambudziko akaoma kana asingagumi, kana dzimwe nzira dzisina kuunza kubudirira. Kusarudzwa kwekuti kushandisa mishonga kunofanira kuitwa kuburikidza nekukurukurirana nachiremba ane ruzivo rwokuratidza kushungurudzwa kwemishonga yevana.
Muzhinji, kune chirevo chakanaka chechirwere ichi. Kunze kwekunge kune imwe dambudziko riri kuita kuti kusarudze kushandurwe, vana vanowanzoshanda zvakanaka kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye havadi kuiswa mune zvidzidzo zvedzidzo.
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibvira kuti chirwere ichi chirambe chichienderera mberi kusvika pakukura, hazvishamisi uye zvinowanzoitika kuti kushungurudzika kwehutano hwevanhu huchakura .
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Munyori.
Freeman JB, Garcia AM, Miller LM, Dow SP, Leonard HL. Selective Mutism. Muna: Morris TL, March JS, eds. Kuzvidya Mwoyo Kwevana nevana Vachiri kuyaruka. New York: Guilford; 2004.
Selective Mutism Foundation. Kunzwisisa Selective Mutism.