Kuongororwa bhuku rinosanganisira kudhakwa nekudhakwa
Pashure pemakore gumi ekudzokorora, bhuku rechishanu reDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-5) rakabudiswa muna 2013 neAmerica Psychiatric Association (APA)-asi kwete pasina kukakavara. Iyo DSM-5 inowanzoshandiswa nevashandi vezvehutano kuti vaongorore zvinetso zvehutano hwekuita uye inoshandiswa nekuda kweinishuwarenzi yekubhadhara zvinangwa.
Chikamu chiduku che DSM-5 itsva chikauya pasi pekutsoropodza, kusanganisira chikamu chinosangana nekudhakwa.
Dambudziko rekushungurudza doro
Mune shanduro yapfuura yebhuku racho, DSM-IV, yakabudiswa muna 1994, zvinetso zvekushandisa doro zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri, kudhakwa nekudhakwa nekudhakwa .
Maererano neAAPA, "Kusiyana kwekushungurudzwa uye kuvimba kwakavakirwa pamusana pokushungurudzika sechinhu chiduku kana chekutanga, uye kuvimba sekuratidzwa kwakanyanya."
Panzvimbo pezvirwere zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana, bhuku rakashandurwa rine imwe chete inoshandiswa yekudhakwa kushandisa doro (AUD) iyo, maererano neAAPA, "inofananidzwa nehutano hunoonekwa nevarwere."
Muchikamu chechishanu chebhuku racho, AUD inogona kuenzaniswa seyoro, inonyorera kana yakaoma. Kuongororwa kwakavakirwa pazvirongwa gumi nematanhatu. Kuoma kwechirwere kunosungirirwa nehuwandu hwehutano hunosangana nomunhu. Kubva pane 0 kusvika ku1, munhu wacho haana AUD.
Kubvira pa2 kusvika ku3, kuongorora kunenge kwakanyoro; kubva 4 kusvika ku5, kuenzanisa; uye 6 kana kupfuura, yakaoma.
Kuvhiringidzika pamusoro Penguva Dukudzo
Maererano neAAPA, chikonzero chekubatanidza zvirwere zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana kune chimwe chakanga chiri chikuru nokuti kuongororwa kwekudhakwa kwewaini kwakagumbura. Vanhu vazhinji vakafunga kuti kuvimba kunoreva kupindwa muropa .
Kutenderera, zvisinei, kunogona kuva yako chaiyo muviri kugadzirisa kushandisa chinhu, zvakadai apo paunenge uine physiologically unotarirwa nemishonga paunotevera chiremba wechirwere wako wakanyorwa.
11 Zvinokonzera Doro Kudzvinyirira Kunetseka Kuongororwa
Zvinotevera zvinotsanangurwa zvinyorwa ndezvipi vashandi vezvehutano vanoshandisa kuti vaongororwe senzira 11 yekudhakwa kushandisa dambudziko :
| Zvinokonzera Kuongororwa Kunwa Doro Dambudziko Dambudziko (AUD) |
|---|
| Basa risina basa kana chikoro |
| Kunwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anokuvadza |
| Kunwa pasinei nematambudziko evanhu kana evanhu |
| Kuda doro |
| Gadzira kushivirira |
| Kubvisa paunenge uchiedza kurega |
| Kunwa kupfuura zvinotarisirwa |
| Kuedza kusiya asi pasina kubudirira |
| Kuwedzerwa kunwa doro-kutsvaga |
| Kushamwaridzana nemabasa anokosha |
| Kuenderera mberi kushandiswa pasinei nezvinetso zvehutano |
Nzira dzekuda dzacho dzakatsiva zviratidzo zvekare zvekuti zvinetso zvepamutemo zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekunwa, izvo APA yakagumisa nekuda kwekusiyana kwetsika zvakagadzirisa izvo zvakaita kuti zvinetso zvive zvakaoma kushandisa munyika.
Vatsoropodzi vanoti Kudhakwa kweAlcoholism Kunokanganiswa Nezvitsva Zvitsva
Maererano nehutano hutsva, mudzidzi wekoroji uyo anonwa doro pamapera evhiki uye dzimwe nguva anoshaya kirasi aizoratidzwa neine doro rinodhaka rekushandisa doro. Ichi chikamu chepakakakavhiringidza.
Vatsoropodzi vanoti nzira dzakadzokororwa dzinogona kutungamirira kune kojiji kana kuti vanodhakwa zvinodhaka kuti vanyengedzwe sevakanyanyisa kunwa doro, kuongororwa kunogona kuitevera mumakore avo akazotevera.
Task Force Inofunga Bhuku Ritsva Rinopa Zvokuwana Kuongororwa Kwakarurama
Bato rebasa rakabatsira kuburitsa bhuku racho rinotaura kuti nzira itsva ndiyo danho riri munzira yakarurama kuti iongororwe zvakajeka zvechirwere.
"Nzvimbo yekushandisa zvinodhaka nekudhakwa yakaona kuputika mukutsvakurudza kwakakosha mumakumi maviri emakore adarika," akadaro Dr. David Kupfer, sachigaro wesangano reDMM-5. "Kuchinja kuri kuratidza shanduro yakanakisisa mumunda uye kunopa hutsva hutsva hwokuti ungaziva sei zvinetso izvi."
Mumwe wevanyori veDMM-IV yapfuura haabvumi kuti tsvakurudzo inofanira kuva ndiyo chete inofanirwa kuongororwa. "Chisarudzo cheDSM-5 chekuchera vamwe vanonwa doro nemagumisiro ekupedzisira vane doro rakadzingwa nevatsvakurudzi vasina kunyatsoziva kuti zita racho raizoita sei muupenyu hwevechidiki," akadaro Dr. Allen Frances, sachigaro wesangano reDMM-IV.
Chimwe Chidzidzo Chinoratidza Zvitsva Zvitsva Hazviiti Zvakawanda Zvokuziva
Chimwe chekuongorora kwesayenzi muna 2013 nevatsvakurudzi veVirginia Commonwealth University iyo yakadzidza mapeji makumi manomwe evanhu inoratidza kuti mitsva iyi haigumisi kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kunwa doro. Izvo zvitsva zvinokonzera hazviiti kuti zvishoma zvishoma zviongororwe zvimwe.
Kuwedzerwa kusingabatsiri mukuongororwa
Vatsoropodzi vezvakadzokororwa vanoti DSM-5 inowedzera urongwa hwezvinhu zvinoonekwa sehutano hwepfungwa uye zvinotungamirira kukuwedzera kusingadi kuongororwa. Kuzvidza kunonyanya kuipa kweDMM-5 kwakauya kubva kuNational Institute of Mental Health (NIHM), iyo yakabvisa kutsigira kwayo kwebhuku mbiri mavhiki masati isati yatumirwa. Iyo NIMH, iyo huru yehurumende yekushandiswa kwekutsvakurudza kwehutano hwepfungwa, yakaratidza kuti yaizoitazve tsvakurudzo yayo kubva kune zvikamu zveDMM.
Zvirongwa zveMisangano Hazvikwanisi Kuongororwa
Maererano naDkt. Thomas Insel, mutungamiriri weNIMH apo bhuku racho rakabudiswa, rakati dambudziko guru re DSM-5 rakanga rakarurama. Nzira dzekutambira hazviendi kure zvakakwana kuti dzigone kufungidzirwa. Akati, "Izvi zvingave zvakaenzana nokusika kuongororwa kwezvirongwa zvichienderana nehutano hwepfuva kana hutano hwehuvha," zvinoreva kuti zviratidzo chete hazviwanzoratidza chisarudzo chakanakisisa chekurapa kana kunyatsoongorora.
Iyo NIMH iri mukugadzirisa kwekuzvitsvakira zvayo Zvinyorwa Zvitsvakurudzo Zvokutsvakurudza (RDoC) sechimwe chinopfurikidza neDMM. Inogona kuwana nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa zvirwere zvepfungwa zvichienderana nehupamhi hwehunoonekwa hunofanirwa uye chinangwa chehutachiona hwehutano.
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. "Kubatana-Zvinhu Zvine Utano uye Zvinokonzera Kukonzera." May 2013.
Edwards, AC, et al. "Kuongororwa kwechigadziriswa che DSM-5 Kuongororwa kweAdha yekushandisa Dambudziko muvanhu vanodzidza nezvevanhu vanoziva nezvekuzvarwa." Kunwa doro: Clinical & Experimental Research . 24 Januwari 2013.
Inenzi, T. "Kuchinja Kuziva." National Institute of Mental Health. 29 Mbudzi 2013.
The Partnership uye DrugFree.org. "Vatsoropodzi veMental Health Disorder Manual Iti Kurapa Kwepfungwa Kunonyanya Kuongororwa." Join Together. 29 March 2013.