Chirwere Chiremba Mukuru Mharidzo Inotsanangura Kurapa Kwekudhakwa
Imwe yezvinetso mukuziva kudhakwa kwechirwere sechirwere ndechekuti hazvisi pachena hazviiti seimwe. Iyo haina kutarisa, inonzwika, inhuhwira uye zvechokwadi haina kuita sechirwere. Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, kazhinji, zvinoramba zviripo uye zvinorambidza kurapwa.
Kunwa doro kwave kuchizivikanwa kwemakore mazhinji nemasangano ezvokurapa ehutano sechinhu chikuru, chisingagumi, chinopfuurira uye dzimwe nguva chinouraya.
Sangano reNational Council on Alcoholism uye Drug Dependence rinopa tsanangudzo yakazara uye yakakwana yekudhakwa, asi zvichida nzira inonyanya kurondedzera i "kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa kunokonzera kukamanikidzwa kwepanyama kunwa."
Kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa? Iwe wakambomuka mangwanani ne rwiyo ruchiri kupfuura-famba mumusoro wako here? Zvichida zvaive zviri jingle yekutengesa yawakanzwa kuterevhizheni kana rwiyo rweredhiyo, asi rakaramba rakatamba ... uye kutamba uye kutamba.
Mental Obsession
Yeuka izvo zvakanga zvakafanana? Hazvinei kuti chii chawakaita, icho chinyararire chinoramba chichiri kutamba. Iwe unogona kuedza kuridza mbira kana kuimba imwe rwiyo kana kutenderera redhiyo uye unoteerera kune imwe tune, asi iwe uri mumusoro wako unongoramba uchitamba. Funga nezvazvo. Pane chimwe chinhu chiri kuitika mupfungwa dzako kuti iwe hauna kuisa ipapo uye, pasinei nokuti wakaedza sei, wakanga usingakwanisi kubuda!
Icho ndicho muenzaniso wekusanganisa kwemafungiro akajeka - pfungwa yekufunga pamusoro yausina kutora.
Izvozvo ndizvo zvakaita chirwere chekudhakwa . Apo kunwa "rwiyo" runotanga kutamba mupfungwa dzedhakwa, haana simba. Haana kuisa rwiyo apo uye nzira chete yekuita kuti irege kumira ndeye kutora imwe yekunwa.
Dambudziko ndiro doro rekudhakwa mupfungwa nedoro zvinonyanya kuvanzika kupfuura rwiyo ruchiri mupfungwa dzake.
Ichokwadi, anogona kunge asingazivi kuti iripo. Zvose zvaanoziva iye pakarepo ane chido chokunwa - chinomanikidzwa kunywa.
The Neurobiology of Alcoholism
Muna 2016, chiremba weU.S. Surgeon General akabudisa mushumo, "Kutarisa Utachiona muAmerica: Chirwere Chiremba Mukuru Gwaro RezveNoro, Zvinodhaka, uye Utano," umo mune tsanangudzo dzekuchinja kunoitika munzvimbo dzouropi hwomumwe munhu akapindwa muropa mune chikamu chakanzi, "Neurobiology yezvokushandisa, kushandisa zvisina kunaka, uye kukanganisa."
Maererano nemushumo, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kubva kuhutano hunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwouropi hunoitika nekudzokorora kushandiswa kwedorokwa kana madhiragi. Iko kuchinja kunoitika muuropi dzedikisi dzinobatanidzwa mukufadza, kudzidza, kunetseka, kugadzirisa zvisarudzo, uye kuzvidzora.
Makomborero eNyika Anobatwa neKushandiswa Kwakadzokororwa
Apo mumwe munhu anonwa doro-kana kuti anoshandisa zvinodhaka seopioid kana cocaine-inounza kuwedzerwa kunofadza kwe dopamine muuropi yebaseal ganglia, nzvimbo yeuropi inotarisirwa kugadzirisa mubairo uye kukwanisa kudzidza zvichibva pamubairo.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekushandisa doro kana zvinodhaka, masero emagunha ari muboka re "basal" rinodzokorora "kunzwisisika kwekuita dopamine, kuderedza kukwanisa kwewaini kunokonzera" zvakaenzana "zvakafanana izvo zvave zvambobudiswa.
Iko kunonzi kuumba kushivirira kune doro uye kunokonzera vanonwa kuti vadye zvikwereti zvakakura kunzwa manzwiro mamwechete aimboita.
Unhu hweHupenyu Hwakabatwa
Izvozvi dopamine neurotransmitters zvinosanganisirawo mukana wekunzwa kufara kubva kune zvinhu zvakajairika zvakadai sekudya zvokudya, kuita zvepabonde, nekubatana mumagariro evanhu.
Apo iyo mubairo wepurogiramu inokanganiswa nekushandisa zvisina kunaka kana kusagadzikana, mukati memunhu kunogona kukonzera kuti munhu awane kufara zvishoma kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu kunyange kana ivo vasati vachinwa kana kushandisa madhiragi, maererano nehutano hweSergeon General.
Kunwa Kunobatanidzwa Kune Mamwe Mazano
Imwe shanduko iyo inogara isinganwi kunwa ndeyoku "kudzidzisa" uropi kuti iyanane nemafaro anoita munhu kuburikidza nekunwa nemamwe "cues" muupenyu hweanwiwa.
Shamwari dzavanonwa nadzo, nzvimbo dzavanoenda kunwa, girazi kana mudziyo vanonwa, uye chero mitambo yavanogona kuita maererano nekunwa kwavo yese inogona kushamwaridzana nemafaro vanonzwa pavanonwa.
Nemhaka yokuti dzakawanda zvinyorwa muupenyu hwavo zviyeuchidzo zvekunwa kwavo, zvinowedzera kuoma kwavari kuti varege kufunga nezvekunwa.
Dhidzira Kudzivirira kurwadziwa
Kunyange zvazvo uropi hunopinza dopamine huchititadzisa kuti titsvake kufara, matambudziko anokonzera kushungurudzika anowanikwa mune amygdala yakareba nzvimbo yeuropi inotitadzisa kuti tisave kurwadziwa uye zviitiko zvisingafadzi. Vose pamwe chete vanotimanikidza kuti tiite.
Kushandisa zvinodhaka, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, zvinogona kuvhiringidza zvakaenzana pakati pezvikwata zviviri izvi, tsvakurudzo yakawanikwa.
Kudzivisa Njodzi Yokubvisa
Sezvinodhaka kushandiswa kwechirwere chinopfuurira kubva pane zvinyoro kusvika pakuenzanisa kusvika kune zvakanyanya, zvinonwiwa zvinonzwika zvinowedzera kutambudzika pose pavanenge vasiri kunwa. Doro rekuregera zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvisingafadzi kana kuti zvinorwadza.
Inosvika pakuona kuti chinhu bedzi chinogona kubvisa kutambudzika kwekuregererwa zviratidzo kunwa doro rakawanda. Panguva iyoyo, munhu wacho haasisiri kunwa kuti afare. Kutaura zvazviri, kunwa kungasazoita kuti ufare zvakare. Munhu anonwa ari kunwa kuti arege kurwadziwa, kwete kuti awedzere.
Nzira yekudhakwa
Zvinwiwa zvinenge zvisisakwanisi kusvika kune zvakakwirira izvo zvavaimboona nekuda kwekushivirira kwavo, asi zvinokanganisa zvinosangana kana kusanwa kunoderera uye kuderera. Zvimwe zvinangwa muupenyu izvo zvakamboita kuti zvifadze uye zvakanyatsogadziriswa zvisingaiti zvakare panguva ino.
Apo vanwiwa vakanga vachiri noutano hwakanaka, vaigona kudzora kuda kwavo kunwa nokuti kutonga uye maitiro ekugadzirisa zvisarudzo zve-prefrontal cortex yavo yaizove yakanyanyisa kunze kwezvinangwa izvi. Asi, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvadzo kwakanyangadzawo zvinyorwa zvavo zvepamusoro.
Kana izvozvo zvichiitika, kutsvakurudza kunoratidza, vanodhakwa uye vanodhakwa vane kukwanisa kuderedzwa kwekutora simba ravo rekushandisa kushandisa kunyange kana vachiziva kuti kumira kune zvavanofarira. Parizvino, mubairo wavo wehutano wakave hutachiona, kana mune mamwe mazwi, chirwere.
Kuzvidzora Kunogadziriswa Kunotsanangurwa
Dhigiriyari General Gwaro rezvechirwere cheropa rekushandisa zvinodhaka, rinotsanangura kukanganisika kwechidhakwa kuita zvisarudzo zvine utano nenzira iyi:
"Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei kushandiswa kwemishonga inoshandiswa kunonzi kunosanganisira kuzvidzora kuzvidzora," yakashuma kudaro. "Haisi kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwehutongi-vanhu vakapindwa muropa nehutano vachiri kupomerwa nekuda kwezviito zvavo, asi havakwanisi kudarika simba rekutsvaga kuti vatsvake rubatsiro kubva pakubvisa doro kana madhiragi."
"Pose pachedu, vanhu vane zvinodhaka vanoedza kurega vanoona kusarudza kwavo kunopesana.Kana kana vakakwanisa kudzivisa kushandisa zvinodhaka kana doro kwechinguva, pane imwe nguva kugara kuchida kunokonzerwa nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwavo hunogona kukanganisa kusarudza kwavo, zvichiguma mukudzoka kushandiswa kwezvinhu, kana kudzoka zvakare, "akadaro mushumo.
Kukura Kwirwere
Kuwedzeredza dambudziko ndicho chimiro chinowedzera chechirwere. Mune zvikamu zvayo zvokutanga, kutora rimwe kana maviri zvinwiwa zvingave zvose zvinotora kuti "rwiyo" rurege kumira. Asi pasina nguva zvinotora vatanhatu kana vanomwe uye gare gare zvichida gumi kana gumi nevaviri. Pane imwe nzvimbo pasi pemugwagwa, nguva bedzi rwiyo rwuripo apo paanopfuura.
Kufambira mberi kwechirwere chinhu chakavanzika uye kazhinji chinotora nguva yakareba yakadaro, kuti kunyange doro rakakundikana kuona icho chaakakanganiswa-uye doro rakatora-hupenyu hwake.
Hazvishamisi kukanganwa inenge inenge inenge yose yezvirwere zvechirwere. Kune avo vauya pakuziva kuti vane dambudziko, rubatsiro rungave rwuri kufanana nemapeji matsvene efoni yechirongwa. Asi kune avo vanoda rubatsiro uye vasingadi, kupindira kunogona kuva ndiyo imwe nzira.
Une dambudziko rekunwa here? Iwe unogona kuda kutora Doro Rekushandisa Dambudziko rekuongorora kuoneka kuti unoenzanisa sei.
Sources:
US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Hofisi yechiremba Mukuru, "Kutarisana neAuddiction muAmerica: Chirwere Chiremba Mukuru Gwaro reDoro, Zvinodhaka, uye Utano, Executive Summary." Washington, DC: HHS, November 2016.
US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Hofisi yechiremba Mukuru, "Kutarisana neAuddiction muAmerica: Chirwere Chiremba Mukuru WezveDoro, Zvinodhaka, uye Utano." Washington, DC: HHS, November 2016.