Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa pakutsvaga kwemitemo
Kuita zvinodhaka zvinodhaka uye zvakaoma zvirwere zvepfungwa . Vanhu vane dambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodzvinyirira, dzimwe nguva vasingadzorori, vanoda chirwere chavo chekusarudza. Kazhinji, ivo vacharamba vachitsvaka nekushandisa zvinodhaka pasinei nekusangana nemigumisiro yakaipisisa semugumisiro wekushandisa.
Zviratidzo zvekudhakwa
Maererano neAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), kusvuta kunowanikwa ne:
- Kusakwanisa kuramba uchidzivisa kubva kune chinhu kana chiitiko chinokomborera (sekubhejera, zvepabonde, kana kudya zvekudya)
- Kutadza mukutonga kwetsika
- Kuda zvinhu izvozvi kana chiitiko chinogutsa
- Kusaderedza kubvuma kwezvinetso zvakakosha nemaitiro ako uye hukama hwevanhu
- Kusava nemafungiro ehupenyu
Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvishanu zviri pamusoro apa zvinowanzovapo mumatambudziko akawanda ekutengesa, ASAM yakataura kuti zvinhu izvi zvishanu hazvigone kushandiswa kuongororwa kusvuta. "Kuongororwa kwemishonga inodhaka kunoda hutano hwakazara, hwepfungwa, hwemagariro evanhu, uye hwekuongorora kwepamweya nemudzidzisi akadzidziswa uye akadzidziswa."
Zviratidzo zvekuita zvechirwere
Apo shamwari neshamwari dzemhuri vari kusangana nemunhu waunoda uyo akapindwa muropa, kazhinji kacho maitiro ekunze emunhu anenge ari zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekudhakwa.
Kuzvibata kwakadaro kunonyanya kutarisana nemhirizhonga yekushaya simba:
- Kuwedzeredza kunowedzera kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pasinei nekuedza kudzora
- Nguva inowedzera kushandiswa kana kuwanikwa kubva pamigumisiro yemishonga
- Kuenderera mberi kushandiswa pasinei nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichiitika
- Kunyanya kuisa pfungwa kune mibairo inobatanidzwa nekudhakwa
- Kusakwanisa kutora matanho ekugadzirisa matambudziko
Kushaya Kukwanisa Kurega
Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwezvinodhaka kunokonzera kuchinja kwemakemikari muuropi hwechidhakwa chinoshandura mupiro wemubairo wehutano unoita kuti kushungurudzwa kwezvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nemishonga pakatarisana nekukura kwemigumisiro yakaipa.
Iyi mamiriro ekutsvaga, kana basa richienderera mberi pasinei nemigumisiro yakaipa uye pasinei nokuti iko haisirizve mubayiro, inonzi inodhakwa nyanzvi "kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kwemigumisiro ." Icho chigumisiro chemakemikari anochinja mumutambo wemibayiro weuropi.
Nzira Iyo Mishonga Inotanga Inotanga Inotanga
Chikonzero chekuti vanhu vanoita basa iro rinogona kuwedzererwa mukutanga kunogona kuva nemanzwiro euphoria kana kuti kugadzirisa manzwiro evanhu vane dysphoria -kusagadzikana, kusagutsikana, kuzvidya mwoyo, kana kusagadzikana. Kana vachinwa, kushandisa zvinodhaka, kana kutora mimwe miitiro yekutsvaga mubayiro (sekubhejera, kudya, kana kuita zvepabonde) vanoona "kumusoro" kunovapa mubairo kana zororo ravanotsvaka.
Iyi yakakwirira ndeyokuwedzera kwekuwedzera dopamine uye opioid peptide basa mumakiritsi emupopi mubayiro. Asi mushure mekukwirira kwavanoona, pane neurochemical rebound iyo inokonzera mubayiro wehuropi hwechiropi kuti udzike pasi pepakutanga yepamusoro. Apo basa racho rinodzokororwa, imwe yero yeupupuriro kana zororo hazviwaniki. Zvinyorwa, munhu wacho haatombotora zvakadzama sezvavakaita pakutanga.
Lower Highs uye Lower Lows
Kuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti munhu akapindwa muropa akawedzera kushivirira kune zvakanyanya-zvinoda zvakanyanya kuti aedze kufanana nehutano hwakadaro-ndechokuti munhu wacho haatomboregi kushivirira kumanzwiro ekurwadziwa anonzwa mushure mekunge.
Pane kudzokera kune "zvakajairika," munhu wacho anodzokera kunzvimbo yakadzika ye dysphoria.
Kana uchinetseka, munhu wacho anowedzera huwandu hwezvinodhaka, doro, kana kuti nguva yakawanda yekunyadzisa mafambiro mukuedza kudzokera kune imwe nyika yekutanga yeupupuri. Asi munhu wacho anoguma achiona zvakadzika uye zvakaderera zvakadzama sezvakaitwa muuropi mubayiro wehuropi zvinopindirana kumhepo yekudhakwa uye kubvisa.
Apo Kutsvaga Mubayiro Kunova Pathological
Maererano neAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), ichi ndicho chikonzero apo kutsvaka mibairo kunowedzera kushanda:
- Kutsvaga mubayiro kunokanganisa kana kusafungidzira.
- Iyo tsika inopera kuva inonakidza.
- Nzira yacho haichazogadzirizve.
Pasina Basa Guru Rokusarudza
Kuti uzviise nenzira imwe, munhu akapindwa muropa akazviwana achimanikidzirwa-pasinei nechinangwa chake kuti amire-kudzokorora mafambiro asisirizve mubayiro kuedza kupukunyuka kunzwa kunorwadza kwekurwara akasununguka asi haawani zororo.
Maererano neAASAM, panguva ino kukanganisa hakusi basa rekusarudza chete. Nokudaro, mamiriro ekutsvaira nzvimbo inosuruvarisa kuve, nokuda kwechirwere uye kune avo vakamupoteredza.
Zvirwere Zvirwere uye Kudzokorora
Kune vakawanda vanodhakwa, kukanganisa kunogona kuva chirwere chisingaperi, zvinoreva kuti vanogona kudzoka zvakare zvakafanana nekudzoka zvakare kunogona kuitika kune dzimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi-zvakadai sechirwere cheshuga, chirwere cheputi, nehutachiona-apo varwere vanokundikana kuita maererano nemishonga yavo. Izvi zvinodzokorora zvakare zvinogona kuitika kunyange mushure memazuva mazhinji ekudzivisa. Mupambi anogona kutora chiito kuti apinde mukuregererwa zvakare. Asi anoramba ari pangozi yeimwezve kudzoka. IAASAM inotsanangura "Pasina kurapwa kana kubatanidzwa mumabasa ekudzosa, kukanganisa kunowedzera uye kunogona kuguma nekuremara kana kufa nguva isati yamboitika."
> Sources:
> Frequently Asked Questions. National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/frequently-asked-questions.
> Definition of Addiction (Long Version). American Society of Addiction Medicine. https://www.asam.org/quality-practice/definition-of-addiction.