Zviratidzo zvinongoramba zvichiratidzwa, asi kushandiswa kwavo kunopesana
A testative test is a type of personality test in which you give a response to scenes, words, or images. Chinangwa chekuedza kwakadaro ndechokufumura kusawirirana kwakavanzika kana manzwiro aunoshandisa pakuedza uye netariro kuti nyaya idzi dzinokwanisa kutaridzirwa kuburikidza nehupfungwa kana zvimwe zvirwere zvakakodzera.
Maitiro Anofanirwa Kuedza Anowedzera Sei
Iko rudzi rwekuedzwa rwakabuda muchikoro chepfungwa chepfungwa chechipfungwa, izvo zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina ruzivo kana kukurudzira.
Kuongorora kwepfungwa kunofanirwa kuzarura manzwiro, zvishuvo, uye kukakavadzana kwakavanzwa kubva pakuziva. Nokududzira mhinduro kumashoko asina kukodzera, psychoanalysts vanotarisira kuzarura mazwi aya asina kuziva angave achikonzera matambudziko muupenyu hwemunhu.
Pasinei nharo pamusoro pemashandisirwo avo, kuongorora kwepurogiramu kunoramba kwakakurumbira uye kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumararamiro emakiriniki uye ehurumende. Kutsvakurudzwa kwemazuva ano kunoratidza kuti kana kudzidzira muprojekkitari kuongorora mune zvepfungwa zvidzidzo zvakapera nokukurumidza pamusoro pemakore gumi apfuura kana kuti, imwechete inonzi test projection yakaonekwa seimwe yepamusoro miedzo mitanhatu inoshandiswa mukuita 50% yevane 28 munyika yose inongororo yekuongorora .
Maitiro Anofunga Anoedza Kushanda
Mune maitiro akawanda ekuongorora, iwe unoratidzwa mufananidzo wakajeka uye wakabvunzwa kupa mhinduro yekutanga inouya mupfungwa. Chinokosha chekuongorora mapikicha ndeyekusanzwisisika kwezvinokonzera.
Maererano nedzidziso yekuedza kwakadaro, kushandisa mibvunzo yakanyatsotsanangurwa kunogona kuguma nemhinduro dzinonyatsogadzirwa nefungwa dzinoziva . Paunobvunzwa mubvunzo wakananga pamusoro pehurukuro chaiyo, unofanirwa kupedza nguva nekunyora kugadzira mhinduro. Izvi zvinogona kutaurira kusavimbika uye kunyange zvisiri zvenhema, kana kuti iwe uri kuedza kunyengedzera mupiro.
Semuenzaniso, munhu anopindura angapa mhinduro dzinonzwisiswa sevanhu vanobvumirana kana dzinoda asi asi pamwe haisi iyo yakanyatsoratidzira kuratidza manzwiro ake kana maitiro ake.
Nokukupa nemubvunzo kana kukurudzira kusinganzwisisi, zvaunofunga uye zvisingazivi kana kuti mafungiro zvinoratidzwa. Tariro ndeyokuti nekuda kwekusaziva kwemibvunzo iyi, vanhu vangave vasingakwanisi kuvimba nemaonero anokwanisa pamusoro pezvavanofunga kuti muedzo anotarisira kuwona uye havadi kuedzwa kuti "vaite zvakanaka," kana kuti vanoita kuti vatarise zvakanaka, se result.
Mhando dzeProjective Tests
Kune huwandu hwemarudzi akasiyana ehupurojekiti yekuongorora. Heano mimwe mienzaniso mienzaniso inonyanyozivikanwa:
- Rorschach Inkblot Test: Uyu muedzo waiva mumwe wekutanga kuongorora kwepurojekiti yakagadzirwa uye inoenderera kuva imwe yezvinozivikanwa zvikuru uye yakanyanya kushandiswa. Yakagadzirwa naSwitzerland nyanzvi yepfungwa Hermann Rorschach muna 1921, muedzo unoumba makadhi gumi akasiyana-siyana anoratidza inobble inblot. Iwe unoratidzwa imwe kadhi pane imwe nguva uye wakabvunzwa kurondedzera zvaunoona mumufananidzo. Mhinduro dzacho dzakanyorwa zvakanyorwa nemuedzo. Zviratidzo, inzwi rezwi, uye mamwe maitiro zvinoonekwa zvakare. Migumisiro yechipikiso inogona kusiyanisa zvichienderana neipi yezvimwe zvikwangwani zviripo izvo muongorori anoshandisa.
- The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): Muchiitiko ichi , unokumbirwa kutarisa mhedziso yezviitiko zvisingaoneki uye kuti uudze nyaya inotsanangura chiitiko, kusanganisira chii chiri kuitika, kuti vanhu vanonzwa sei, uye kuti nyaya yacho kuguma. Muongorori anobva awedzera kuedza uku zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, zvinokurudzira, uye kuzvidya mwoyo kweunhu hunhu hukuru, uyewo kuti nyaya inozoguma sei.
- Ita-A-Munhu Kuedzwa: Mhando iyi yepurojekiti yekuedzwa inosanganisira chaizvo zvaungangofungidzira: iwe unodha munhu uye mufananidzo wawakasika unongororwa nemuongorori. Muturikiri wechiratidzo angangotarisa zvinhu zvakadai sehukuru hwezvikamu zvikamu zvemuviri kana zvikamu, huwandu hwemashoko akapiwa kumufananidzo, pamwe nehuwandu hwekuita. Kungofanana nedzimwe mimwe miedzo yekuongorora, Test Draw-A-Person test yakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwayo. Kunyange zvazvo muturikiri wechiratidzo angaratidza kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvekudhira zvinoratidzira mafungiro ehutano chaiwo, vazhinji vanogona kutaura kuti zvinongoreva kuti nyaya yacho ine unyanzvi hushoma hwekuveza. Muedzo wakashandiswa sechiyero cheuchenjeri muvana, asi kutsvakurudza kuenzanisa zvikamu pa Wechsler Preschool uye Primary Scale of Intelligence kuZvitsa-A-Munhu kuedza kwakawana kuwirirana kwakanyanya pakati pezvikoro zviviri.
- Muiti-Muti-Muedzo Wevanhu: Muchiyero ichi chekuongorora, iwe unobvunzwa kugadzira imba, muti, uye munhu. Kamwe kuburitsa kwapera, unobvunzwa mutsva wemibvunzo pamusoro pezvifananidzo zvawakatora. Chiyero chakanga chakagadzirwa naJohn Buck uye chakabatanidza mutsamba wemibvunzo makumi matanhatu yekubvunza mubvunzo, kunyange zvazvo vatariri vekuedza vanogonawo kuuya nemibvunzo yavo pachavo kana kutevera-mibvunzo yekuongorora zvakare mhinduro dzehurukuro. Semuenzaniso, mutungamiri wekuedza angabvunza nezvekuveza mumba: "Ndiani anogara pano ?," "Ndiani anoshanyira munhu anogara pano ?," uye "Ndiyo anogara achifara here?"
Utera
Kuongorora kweprojective kunowanzoshandiswa mumishonga yekurapa. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, vanachiremba vanoshandisa izvi kuedzwa kuti vadzidze ruzivo rwehutano pamusoro penyu. Vamwe vanachiremba vangashandisa kuongorora kwepurojekiti sechirongwa chechikafu chinoputika kuti kukurudzire kukurukura nyaya kana kuongorora pfungwa dzako nemanzwiro.
Kunyange zvazvo kuongororwa kweprojekkomu kune zvimwe zvingabatsiri, vanewo uwandu hwehutera uye zvikanganiso, kusanganisira:
- Mhinduro yomupinduri inogona kuve yakakanganiswa nemafungiro emuongorori kana kuiswa kwekuedza.
- Kuverenga zviitiko zvepurojekitiki zvakakosha zvikuru, saka kududzirwa kwemhinduro kunogona kusiyanisa zvinoshamisa kubva kune mumwe muongorori kusvika kune anotevera.
- Kuongororwa kweprojective iyo isina maitiro akaenzana ekuisa zvikwata kunowanzoshayikana zvose zviripo uye kuvimbika . Kuvimbiswa kunoreva kana kana kwete kwete kuedza kuenzanisa zvinofanirwa kuenzanisa, asi kuvimbika kunoreva kuwirirana kwemigumisiro yekuedza.
Kukosha Kwekuona Zvokuongorora
Pasinei nokusava nesimba uku, kuongororwa kwepurogiramu kuchiri kushandiswa zvikuru nemakiriniki epfungwa uye masayendisiti . Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti shanduro dzechangobva kuwanda dzepurojekiti inonzi projective dzinobatsira chaizvo uye zvimwe zvinoshanda. Nzira dzokufungidzira dzinoshandiswa mumutsva ekutsvakurudza kwemashamba kunobatsira kuziva zvakadzama manzwiro, masangano, uye mafungiro anofungidzirwa zvine chokuita nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemagetsi.
Imwe tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti mazano ekujekesa akadai seRorschach angave akakosha seongororo yakawedzerwa inoshandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe mimwe miedzo yekuongororwa kuti uone zvinetso zvepfungwa nekuremara. Uyewo, kuongororwa kwepurojekiti kunogona kubata kukosha kwekushandisa kwavo sekuongorora mabhuku mu psychotherapy.
> Sources:
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