Chii Chinonzi Psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy ishoko rinowanzoshandiswa kurondedzera nzira yekurapa kukanganisika kwepfungwa uye kushungurudzika kwepfungwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemashoko neshoko repfungwa. Munguva iyi, chiremba wepfungwa anodzidzisa anobatsira muchengeti kutarisana nezvinetso zvakananga kana zvinowanzoita sechimwe chirwere chepfungwa kana chinokonzera kushungurudzika kwehupenyu.
Zvichienderana nedzimwe nzira inoshandiswa nenyanzvi, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye mazano anogona kushandiswa.
Zvisinei, inenge dzose marudzi ehutano hwepfungwa dzinosanganisira kusimbisa ukama hwokurapa , kukurukurirana uye kugadzira hurukuro, nekushanda kukunda pfungwa dzakaoma kana maitiro.
Psychotherapy inowedzera kuonekwa sebasa rakasiyana naro pachayo, asi mhando dzakawanda dzevashandi vanobatana mupfungwa dzepfungwa nguva dzose. Vanhu vakadaro vanosanganisira makiriniki epfungwa , masayendisiti, vadzidzisi, vakaroorana uye vanodzidzisa mhuri , vashandi vomunharaunda , vadzidzisi vehutano hwepfungwa, uye vanamukoti vepfungwa .
Ndeapi Marudzi Epfungwa Inowanika?
Apo vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa shoko rokuti psychotherapy, vanokurumidza kufungidzira murwere akarara pamubhedha achitaura apo mumwe chiremba agere pachigaro chaipo chiri kuisa pfungwa pasi papepa. Iko kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro anoshandiswa mune zvepfungwa. Nzira chaiyo inoshandiswa mumamiriro ose ega inogona kusiyanisa kubva pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kudzidziswa uye nheyo yemuongorori, zvaunofarira zvekweretesi, uye zvakananga zvechinetso chezvino.
Imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzechirwere chepfungwa dzinosanganisira:
Psychoanalytic Therapy : Kunyange zvazvo psychotherapy yaiitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana sekare kare nguva yevaGiriki vekare, yakagamuchira kutanga kwayo apo Sigmund Freud akatanga kushandisa mazano ekutaura kushanda nevarwere.
Mimwe yemishandisirwo inowanzoshandiswa naFrud yaisanganisira kuongorora kushandurwa, kurota zvido, uye kusununguka kushamwaridzana. Iyi nzira yekufunga nezvepfungwa inosanganisa kufungidzira mumurwere nemafungiro epanguva yakareba kutsvaga pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki, manzwiro, uye pfungwa dzingakanganisa maitiro.
Kurapa Kwokuita : Kana kuzvibata kwakava chikoro chakakurumbira chepfungwa munguva yekutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano hwakatanga kutamba basa rinokosha mune zvepfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo kusazvibata kungasave kwakanyanya sezvakambove, nzira dzakawanda dzaro dzave dzichinyanyozivikanwa nhasi. Kurapa kwekuita maitiro kunowanzoshandisa chigadzirwa chechigadziriro , kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu , uye kudzidza kwevanhu kuti vabatsire vatengi kugadzirisa maitiro ekutambudza.
Humantic Therapy: Kutanga muma1950, chikoro chepfungwa chinonzi inozivikanwa sehupenyu hwevanhu chinotanga kuve nekukanganisa pane zvepfungwa. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzevanhu, Carl Rogers, yakagadzira nzira inozivikanwa sevashandi -inorapwa , iyo inotaura nezvechiremba anoratidza kusagadzikana kwakanaka kune mutengi.
Nhasi, zvimwe zvekushandisa izvi zvinoramba zvakashandiswa zvikuru. Nzira yekuita zvevanhu ku psychotherapy inoisa pfungwa pakubatsira vanhu kuwedzera mikana yavo. Nzira dzakadaro dzinowanzosimudzira kukosha kwekuzviongorora, rusununguko rwokusarudza, uye kuzviratidza .
Kugadziriswa kweCognitive Therapy: Kuziva kushanduka kwema1960 kwakakonzerawo maitiro ekurapa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa, sezvo magwekori ezvepfungwa vakatanga kutarisa kuisa pfungwa dzekuti mafungiro evanhu anofadza sei maitiro nekushanda. Kuziva kwepfungwa kunowanikwa pane pfungwa yokuti pfungwa dzedu dzine simba guru pamusoro pehupenyu hwedu. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchiona zvinhu zvisina kunaka mumamiriro ose ezvinhu, iwe pachako uchava nemafungiro asina tariro uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hwose. Chinangwa chekuziva nezvepfungwa ndechekuona kukanganisa kwepfungwa kunotungamirira kumhando iyi yekufunga uye kutora mafungiro akadaro nemamwe makuru uye akanaka. Nokuita kudaro, vanhu vanogona kuvandudza mafungiro avo uye hupenyu hune hupenyu hwose.
Kuchengetedza-maitiro Therapy : Inzira inozivikanwa sekunzwisisa-behavioral therapy (CBT) chirwere chekurapa kwepfungwa inobatsira varwere kunzwisisa mafungiro nemanzwiro anokonzera maitiro.
CBT inowanzoshandiswa kurapa zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira phobias , kusvuta, kuora mwoyo, nekuzvidya mwoyo. CBT inoratidzira rwepfungwa inobatanidza kugadzirisa uye maitiro ekugadzirisa kuchinja mafungiro asina kunaka uye mararaptive behavior. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuchinja pfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoita kuti pave nedambudziko uye kugadzirisa mafungiro ane chinetso anokonzerwa nemafungiro aya.
Psychotherapy inogona kutorawo maitiro akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemutauro wechiremba uye zvinodikanwa nemurwere. Zvishoma zvaungasangana nazvo zvinosanganisira:
- Kurapa mumwe nomumwe , kunosanganisira kushanda mumwe-ne-mumwe nehana yepfungwa.
- Vakaroorana , iyo inosanganisira mushonga anoshanda nevarume vaviri kuti vabatsire kuvandudza kuti maitiro aya sei muukama hwavo.
- Chirongwa chemhuri, chinoshandiswa pakuvandudza kusimba mukati memhuri uye kunogona kusanganisira vanhu vazhinji mukati memhuri.
- Itai boka remishonga , iro rinosanganisira boka duku revanhu vane chinangwa chakafanana. Iyi nzira inobvumira nhengo dzeboka kuti dzipe uye dziwane rubatsiro kubva kune vamwe, pamwe nekuita maitiro matsva mukati meboka rinotsigira uye rinogamuchira.
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Mutemo Wemutemo Unobvumira Sei Kuwana Kurapa Kwako Mashoko
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Ndezvipi Zvakawandisa Mafungiro Epfungwa?
Zvimwe Zvokufunga nezvazvo Usati Waedza Psychotherapy
Kune nhamba yezvimwe nyaya kana zvinetso zvevadzidzi vaviri nevatengi. Paunosarudza mushonga , funga kana iwe unonzwa wakasununguka kubudisa ruzivo rwemunhu kumushandi. Iwe unofanirwawo kuongorora zvinodiwa nevarapi, kusanganisira rudzi rwechiremba iye ane uye makore ane ruzivo.
Vanhu vanopa psychotherapy vanogona kubata mazita akasiyana-siyana kana madigiri. Mamwe mazita akadai se "psychologist" kana "chirwere chepfungwa" anodzivirirwa uye ane zvidzidzo zvakananga zvekudzidzisa uye zvekare. Vamwe vevanhu vanofanirwa kuita psychotherapy vanosanganisira masayendisiti, masayendisiti epfungwa, varayiridzi, vashandi vanobvumirwa nevamwe, uye vanamukoti vepfungwa dzepamusoro.
Apo paunopa rubatsiro kune vatengi, vanapfungwa dzepfungwa vanofanirwa kuongorora nyaya dzakadai semvumo yakagadziriswa , kuchengetedza murwere, uye basa rokunyevera. Kubvumirana kunobatanidza kunosanganisira kuzivisa mutengi wezvinhu zvose zvinokonzera njodzi uye zvinobatsira zvine chokuita nekurapwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsanangura chaiwo maitiro ekurapa, chero njodzi dzinogona kuitika, mari, uye dzimwe nzira dziripo.
Nemhaka yokuti vatengi vanowanzokurukurirana nyaya dzakanyanya uye dzakasununguka mumasikirwo, vanachiremba vepfungwa vane mutoro wemitemo yekudzivirira kodzero yevarwere yekuvanza . Zvisinei, chimwe chiitiko apo psychotherapists vane kodzero yekuputsa kuvanzika kwevarwere ndeyekuti vatengi vanoita kuti vatarise ivo pachavo kana vamwe. Basa rekuyevera rinopa vanopa mazano nevarapi vekodzero kodzero yekuputsa kuvimbika kana muchengeti anoisa dambudziko kumumwe munhu.
Kubudirira Kwakaita Sei Pfungwa?
Chimwe chezvidzidzo zvakakonzerwa nepfungwa yepfungwa ndeye inokonzera kusava nekubudirira kwayo. Mune imwe yekutanga uye inowanzotaurwa nezvekudzidza, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Hans Eysenck akawana kuti zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevatori vechikamu zvakagadziriswa kana kuti zvadzorerwa pachavo mukati memakore maviri, pasinei nokuti vakagamuchira psychotherapy.
Zvisinei, mune meta-analysis iyo yakatarisa zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti psychotherapy yakashanda pakuvandudza hutano hwepfungwa hwevatengi. Mubhuku rake rinonzi Great Psychotherapy Debate , statistician uye nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Bruce Wampold vakataura kuti zvinhu zvakadai sehutano hwehutano pamwe chete nekutenda kwake mukubudirira kwemishonga kwakabatanidzwa mukuguma kwepfungwa. Zvinotoshamisa kuti Wampold akaratidza kuti rudzi rwechiremba uye mazano ezvokurapa hazvive nemigumisiro pamigumisiro.
Ndinoziva Sei Kana Ndichida Psychotherapy?
Kunyange iwe uchigona kuziva kuti psychotherapy inogona kubatsira nematambudziko ehupenyu, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuoma kutsvaka rubatsiro kana kuti kunyange kuziva kana iri nguva yekutaura kune unyanzvi.
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokuyeuka ndechokuti nokukurumidza iwe uchitsvaka rubatsiro, nokukurumidza iwe uchatanga kuwana ruzivo. Panzvimbo pokumirira kusvikira zviratidzo zvako zvisingakwanisi kudzora, iwe unofanira kufungidzira kuwana rubatsiro pakarepo paunotanga kuziva kuti pangave nechinetso.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinokosha kuti zvingave nguva yekuona chiremba wepfungwa inosanganisira:
- Nyaya iri kukonzera kushungurudzika kana kukanganiswa muupenyu hwako. Kana iwe uchinzwa kuti dambudziko raunotarisana naro rinokanganisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokosha zvehupenyu hwako kusanganisira chikoro, basa, uye hukama, zvingava nguva yekuona kana psychotherapy inogona kubatsira.
- Iwe uri kuvimba pane zvisina kunaka kana kuti nengozi yekugadzirisa nzira. Kana iwe ukazviwana uchitarisana nechinetso chako nekusvuta, kunwa, kudya, kana kubvisa kushungurudza kwako kune vamwe, kutsvaka rubatsiro kunogona kukubatsira kuwana hutano uye hunobudirira mazano ekugadzirisa.
- Shamwari uye mhuri dzinonetseka nezvehupenyu hwako. Kana yakasvika pane imwe nzvimbo apo vamwe vanhu vane hanya nezvehutano hwako hwepfungwa, zvingave nguva yekuona kana psychotherapy inogona kuvandudza mararamiro ako epfungwa.
- Hapana chawakamboedza kusvika ikozvino chakubatsira. Wakaverenga mabhuku anobatsira, wakaongorora dzimwe nzira dzaunenge uchiverenga pamusoro peIndaneti, kana kutoedza kuregeresa dambudziko racho, asi zvinhu zvinongoratidzika kunge zvichingove zvakafanana kana kuti zvinowedzera. Ingoyeuka kuti haufaniri kumirira kusvikira matambudziko ako achikurira zvikuru zvokuti kubata kunenge kusingabviri. Rubatsiro runowanikwa uye nokukurumidza iwe unosvika kunze, nokukurumidza iwe uchange uchingodzokera kune imwe nzira kune utano hwakanaka, kufara mupfungwa.
Ndinosarudza sei nzira yekurapa uye mushandi?
Kana iwe uchinzwa kuti une dambudziko rinogona kubatsirwe kubva kuchipatara, danho rako rokutanga rinogona kunge ririkukurukurirana zvinetso zvako nechiremba wako wekutanga. Chiremba wako angatanga nokutanga kutonga kunze kwezvirwere zvepanyama izvo zvingave zviri kuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvako. Kana pasina chimwe chikonzero chinogona kuwanikwa, chiremba wako anogona kukuendesa kune unyanzvi hwehutano hwepfungwa hunokwanisa kuongorora uye kubata zviratidzo zvauri kuona.
Zviratidzo zvako zvinowanzoita basa mumhando yekurapa uye rudzi rwechiremba waunosarudza. Kana chiremba wako achifungidzira kuti uri kutarisana nezvinetso zvingada kushandiswa kwemishonga yemishonga pamwe nekuwedzera kwechirwere chepfungwa, anogona kukutaurira kune chiremba chepfungwa . Muongorori wepfungwa ndiye chiremba anokwanisa kupa mishonga uye ane ruzivo rwakananga mukurapa kwepfungwa nemafungiro epfungwa.
Kana zviratidzo zvako zvichiratidza kuti iwe unogona kubatsirwa neimwe nzira yekurapa kutaura kunze kwekuwedzerwa kwemishonga yemishonga, unogona kutumirwa kune kliniki yepfungwa kana mupangamazano .
Zvinyorwa kubva kune shamwari neshamwari dzemhuri zvinogonawo kuva nzira yakanaka yekuwana mushonga anogona kukubatsira kugadzirisa zvinetso zvako. Psychotherapy yakawanda kwazvo uye unyanzvi uye nesayenzi, zvakadaro. Kana zvinhu zvisingaoneki sekushanda, kana iwe usingaoneki "kutanidza" nemushandi wako wemazuva ano, usatya kutya kutsvaga vamwe vashandi kusvikira iwe uwana mumwe munhu waunogona kutaurirana naye.
Sezvaunoongorora chero upi zvake wepfungwa, funga nezvemimwe mibvunzo inotevera:
- Murapa wacho anoita seanyanzvi uye anokwanisa here?
- Iwe unonzwa wakasununguka kuudza manzwiro ako uye zvakaitika here?
- Iwe unofarira mutauriri wekukurukurirana mutauro here?
- Iwe unogutsikana nehuwandu hwekukurukurirana kwako nemudzidzisi here?
- Anofunga kuti anonzwisisa zvaunonzwa here?
Shoko Rinobva
Psychotherapy inogona kuuya mumhando dzakawanda, asi zvose zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu kukunda matambudziko epfungwa uye kurarama huri nani hupenyu. Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti ungave uine zviratidzo zvehutano hwepfungwa kana hwepfungwa, funga kutsvaga kuongororwa kubva kumunhu akadzidza uye ane ruzivo rwepfungwa anokwanisa kuongorora, kuongorora, uye kubata zvirwere zvakadaro. Iwe unogona kukohwa zvingave zvakabatsirika zvepfungwa dzepfungwa kunyange iwe unongonzwa sokuti kune chimwe chinhu "chinopera" muupenyu hwako chinogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa.
> Sources:
> Eysenck, HJ (1957). Migumisiro yemazino epfungwa: Anongororo. Nhaurirano yeKubvunzurudza Psychology. 1957; 16: 319-324.
> Henrik, R. (1980). The Psychotherapy Handbook. IAA handbook kune anopfuura 250 psychotherapies sezvaishandiswa nhasi. New American Library; 1980.
> Smith, ML Tsanangudzo Inotsvakurudza Nezvekubudirira kwePychotherapy. Psychiatric Services; 2006.
> Wampold, BE The Great Psychotherapy Mhirizhonga: Mienzaniso, Maitiro, uye Zviwanikwa. Routledge; 2001.