The Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
Maererano neSagmund Freud's psychoanalytic nharo yeunhu, id ndiyo humwe hutumbi hunoumbwa nehupenzi husingazivikanwe hwepfungwa hunoshanda kugutsa zvido zvekutanga, zvido, uye zvido. Izvo id inoshanda zvichienderana neshoko rinofadza, iro rinoda kukurumidza kugutsa zvido. Izvo ndeimwe yezvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha zveunhu hwakagadzirwa na Freud, id, ego, uye superego .
Kunzwisisa kweFurud's psychodynamic maonero kunokosha mukudzidza nezvehupenyu hwepfungwa. Iwe kazhinji uchaona zvinyorwa zve id, ego, uye superego mune tsika yakakurumbira uye uzivi.
Ndeipi Iyo Id Inotanga?
Freud akaenzanisa unhu nechando. Icho chinyorwa chechando pamusoro pemvura chinomiririra kuziva. Icho chizhinji chechando chiri pasi pemvura chinomiririra pfungwa isina chizivo apo zvose zvido zvakavanzika, pfungwa, uye zviyeuchidzo zviripo. Ndiko apo id inogara.
Izvo ndiyo chikamu cheunhu huripo pakuberekwa, maererano naFrud. Akaratidza zvakare kuti ichi chekutanga cheunhu chaivepo zvachose mukati mekusaziva . Izvo id inoshanda sechisimba cheunhu. Haisi kungoedza chete kuzadzisa zvido zvedu zvinokosha, zvakawanda zvaro zvakabatanidzwa zvakananga kupona, zvinopawo simba rose rinodiwa kuti utakure unhu.
Muhucheche, zvisati zvaitika humwe humwe humwe humwe hutumbi hwehupenyu hunotanga kuumba, vana vanotongwa zvakakwana ne id. Kugutsa zvido zvekutanga zvekudya, kunwa, nekunyaradza ndezvokukosha zvakanyanya. Sezvatinokura, zvinenge zviri pachena kuti tine dambudziko kana tikaita kuti tigutse zvido zvei id chero nguva yatinonzwa tichida, zvido kana chido.
Nenzira yakanaka, zvimwe zvikamu zveunhu hunokura sezvatinozvarwa, zvichitibvumira kutonga zvido zvei uye kuzvibata munzira dzevanhu dzinogamuchirwa.
Maitiro Id inoshanda sei
Izvo zvinoshanda maererano nehupenyu hunofadza , iyo iyo pfungwa inofanirwa kunge inofanira kusangana pakarepo. Paunenge uine nzara, mutemo unofanirwa kukupa iwe kudya. Kana uine nyota, inokukurudzira kunwa. Asi, chokwadi, hatigoni kugara tichigutsa zvido zvedu pakarepo. Dzimwe nguva tinoda kumirira kusvika nguva yakakodzera kana kuti tive nekugona kuwana zvinhu zvichazadzisa zvatinoda.
Apo isu tisingakwanisi kugutsa zvido zvino pakarepo, zvinetso zvematambudziko. Iyo id inotenderera pane chinangwa chekutanga chekugadzirisa zvishoma. Chinhu chikuru chinosanganisira kugadzira chimiro chepfungwa kuburikidza nekupedza nguva, kufungidzira, kugadzirisa, kana imwe nzira. Somuenzaniso, paunenge uine nyota, unogona kutanga kufungidzira nezvemarefu, girazi regirazi remvura yechando.
Mherechedzo uye Zvinyorwa pamusoro peDhi
Mubhuku rake ra1933 "New Introductory Lectures pa Psychoanalysis," Freud akarondedzera id se "rima, risingasvikiki cheunhu hwedu." Iyo chete nzira chaiyo yekucherechedza id, iyo yakaratidza, yaiva yekudzidza zviri mukati mezviroto uye neurotic behavioral clues.
Kutora kwaFrud kweiyo kwaive kuti yaiva gadziriro yemasimba emasikirwo anotungamirirwa nehupenyu hunofadza hunoshanda mukuzadzikisa zvatinoda zvakanyanya. Freud akafananidzawo ne "chikwata chemashoko anokonzera" uye akarondedzera id sekusina sangano chaiyo.
"Izvo zviripo, pane zvichava."
(Sigmund Freud, 1933, "Mitsva Inotanga Kutaura pamusoro pePyychoanalysis")
Saka sei id uye ego inoshanda? Freud akaenzanisa ukama hwavo neyebhiza uye mutasvi. Bhiza rinopa simba rinodzifambisa mberi, asi ndiye mutasvi wekutungamira maitiro akasimba kuti aone mazano.
Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva mutasvi anogona kukanganiswa uye anozviwana pachake nokuda kwekufamba. Mune mamwe mazwi, dzimwe nguva ego inogona kungofanirwa kutungamira id nenzira iyo inoda kuenda.
"Vanhu vanorarama nehana yavo yakajeka. Havasi zvakanaka kuvanza zviri kuitika mukati.
(Firipi Seymour Hoffman) "
Maonero aFranud ehuunhu anoramba achikakavadzana, asi ruzivo rwepakutanga rwavo runokosha pakurukura nezvechirwere chepfungwa uye chiitiko chepfungwa.
> Sources:
> Carducci, B. The Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications . John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
> Engler, B. Munhu Maonero . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing; 2009.