Positive psychology ndeimwe yemashizha matsva epfungwa yekubuda. Iyi imwe nzvimbo yepfungwa inonyanya kujeka kuti ingabatsira sei vanhu kubudirira uye kutungamirira hupenyu hwakanaka, hunofara. Nepo dzimwe dzakawanda mamwe magweta epfungwa anofanirwa kuisa pfungwa pahutachiona uye maitiro asina kunaka , pfungwa dzakanaka dzinonyanya kubatsira kubatsira vanhu kufara.
Martin Seligman naMihaly Csikszentmihalyi vanotsanangura mafungiro akanaka mune nzira inotevera: "Tinodavira kuti pfungwa yekushanda kwevanhu inobatsira ichasimuka iyo inobatsira kunzwisisa kwesayenzi uye kubudirira kunovaka kuvaka vanhu, mhuri, uye munharaunda."
Pamakore gumi apfuura kana zvakadaro, ruzivo rwevanhu vose mune hutano hwakanaka hwakakura zvikuru. Nhasi, vanhu vakawanda vari kutsvaga ruzivo rwekuti vanogona sei kuzadzika nekuzadzisa kukwanisa kwavo. Kufarira munyaya yacho kwawedzerawo pamakorojiji. Muna 2006, hutano hwaHarvard pamusoro pehutano hwakanaka hwakava yunivhesiti yakakurumbira zvikuru. Kuti uchinzwisise munda wemafungiro akanaka, zvinokosha kutanga nekudzidza zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwavo, mazano makuru nekushandiswa.
The History of Positive Psychology
"Hondo Yenyika II isati yasvika, pfungwa dzepfungwa dzakange dzine mabasa matatu akasiyana: kuporesa kurwara kwepfungwa, kuita kuti upenyu hwevanhu vose hubudirire uye hubudirire, uye kuziva uye kukura tarenda yakakwirira," Seligman akanyora muna 2005. Nguva pfupi mushure meWWII, chinangwa chikuru chepfungwa yakashanduka kusvika pakutanga: kutarisa tsika dzisina kunaka uye chirwere chepfungwa .
Munguva ye1950, vanofunga nezvevanhu vanoita saKarl Rogers , Erich Fromm , naAbraham Maslow vakabatsira kufarira kufarira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mbiri kuburikidza nekudziridza mafungiro aifunga nezvekufara uye nezvakanaka zvehupenyu hwevanhu.
Muna 1998, Seligman akasarudzwa Mutungamiri weAmerica Psychological Association uye pfungwa dzakanaka dzakazova musoro wezwi rake.
Nhasi, Seligman inowanzoonekwa sebaba vemazuva ano vane pfungwa dzakanaka. Muna 2002, musangano wekutanga wepasi rose pamusoro pe Positive Psychology wakaitwa. Muna 2009, yekutanga World Congress pa Positive Psychology yakaitika muPhiladelphia uye yakaitwa hurukuro naMartin Seligman naFiripi Zimbardo.
Vanhu Vakakosha muPfungwa Yakanaka Inyanzvi
- Martin Seligman
- Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
- Christopher Peterson
- Carol Dweck
- Daniel Gilbert
- Kennon Sheldon
- Albert Bandura
- CR Snyder
- Philip Zimbardo
Misoro mikuru muPfungwa dzakanaka dzepfungwa
Zvimwe zvemashoko makuru ezve kufarira muhutano hwakanaka zvinosanganisira:
- Mufaro
- Kufungidzira uye kusabatsira
- Kufungisisa
- Kuyerera
- Unhu hune simba uye kunaka
- Hope
- Kufunga kwakanaka
- Resilience
Kutsvakurudza Kunowanikwa Mukururama Kwepfungwa
Zvimwe zvekutsvaga kukuru kwepfungwa dzakanaka zvinosanganisira:
- Vanhu vanowanzofara.
- Mari haingatengi kutenga zvakanaka, asi kushandisa mari kune vamwe vanhu kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vafare.
- Imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzokurwisa kukanganisika nekugadziriswa dzinosanganisira hukama hwakasimba hwehukama uye unhu hunhu.
- Basa rinogona kuva rakakosha mukugara zvakanaka, kunyanya apo vanhu vanogona kuita basa iro rine chinangwa uye rine chinangwa.
- Kunyange zvazvo mufaro uchitungamirirwa nemageneti, vanhu vanogona kudzidza kuva vanofara nekuvandudza kutarisira, kuvonga, uye kusada .
Zvikumbiro zvePfungwa dzakanaka
Pfungwa yepamusoro inogona kuva nemhando yezvinyorwa-zvenyika zvidzidzo munzvimbo dzinosanganisira dzidzo , kurapa, kuzvibatsira, kushandiswa kwepfungwa , uye nenyaya dzebasa. Kushandisa nzira kubva kune pfungwa dzakanaka, vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi, nevashandi vanogona kukurudzira vamwe uye kubatsira vanhu kunzwisisa nekuvandudza simba ravo pachavo.
Kunzwisisa Zvakanaka Pfungwa
Mutsamba wegore ra2008 rakabudiswa nePhrischology Today , rakapera Christopher Peterson, munyori weA Primer mu Positive Psychology uye purofesa paYunivhesiti yeMichigan, akataura kuti zvakakosha kunzwisisa chii chinyorwa chepfungwa uye izvo zvisiri.
"Mafungiro akanaka nde ... kushevedza kwesayenzi uye kuedza kuva nehanya ne simba sekushaya simba, sekuda kuvaka zvinhu zvakanakisisa muhupenyu sekugadzirisa zvakashata; uye nekunetseka nekuita hupenyu hwevanhu vanowanzozadzikisa sokurapa kuporesa, "akanyora kudaro.
Akanyevera, zvisinei, kuti maitiro akanaka epfungwa haatauri kusazvidza matambudziko chaiwo ayo vanhu vanotarisana nawo uye kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzepfungwa dzinoedza kubata. "Kukosha kwehutano hwepfungwa ndeyekusimbisa uye kuwedzeresa pfungwa inotarisana nechinetso yakange iine simba kwemakore makumi emakore," akadaro.
References
Gable, S. & Haidt, J (2005). Chii (uye nei) chiri chakanaka chepfungwa? Kudzokorora kweGeneral Psychology, 9 (2), 103-110
Goldberg, C. (2006). Nzira yaHarvard yakazara yekuti afare. Boston Globe . Yakawanikwa paIndaneti pa http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/03/10/harvards_crowded_course_to_happiness/
Peterson, C. (2006). A Primer mu Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C. (2008). Chii Chine Chinangwa Psychology, uye Chii Chisiri? Psychology Nhasi . Yakawanikwa paIndaneti pa http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-good-life/200805/what-is-positive-psychology-and-what-is-it-not
Seligman, MEP & Csikszenmihalyi, M. (2000). Zvakanaka zvepfungwa: Chirevo. Nyanzvi yepfungwa dzeAmerica, 55, 5-14.
Snyder, CR & Lopez, SJ (Eds.) (2005). Handbook of Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.