Nhasi Maitiro uye Zviitiko Zvausingazivi
Kusvuta fodya kwasvika kuwanda kwehuwandu munyika yose, uye, pasinei nekuedza kushandura kusvuta kwemaitiro, dambudziko rinongoratidzika riri kukura gore negore.
Apo vasvuta vanoziva zvakazara kuti fodya havatauri chinhu kunze kwekukuvadza kuhutano hwavo, ivo vanozvidza nyevero imwe neimwe kusvikira chimwe chinhu chinyatsonotswa uye ichivaudza kuti inguva yekumira. Saka, pane kungotarisa zvikomborero zvekurega , hezvino zvimwe zvinotonhora, zvinyorwa zvakaoma zvinogona kuisa dambudziko rematambudziko muone:
Imba Yefodya Nhasi
Inenge mamiriyoni 6.5 trillion inotengeswa pasi pose gore negore, iyo inoshandura kusvika mabhiriyoni 18 emagareta pazuva. Iko inyanzvi inobhadhara uye imwe inounza dzimba dzayo zvikuru kubva kumashure kwevanhu varombo zvikuru munyika, zvose maererano nekutengeswa uye kuda.
Pamusoro pekufungidzirwa mabhiriyoni anosvuta munyika, 80 muzana vanogara munyika dzakaderera-nepamapakati. Pakati pevanhu vanofungidzirwa mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe ekufambisa fodya mumhizha, huwandu huwandu hunogara munharaunda dzevarombo uye nzvimbo.
Mune dzimwe nyika idzi, kunyange vana vanomanikidzwa kushanda muminda kuti vabatsire kubhadhara mari yemhuri. Izvi zvinodziisa ivo uye vamwe vashandi vemapurazi pangozi yehutachiona hwehutta hwakasvibirira , chirwere chinokonzerwa nokuswa nicotine kuburikidza neganda kubva mukubata kwemashizha akaoma.
Kunyange zvazvo United States yakaderera zvakanyanya chikamu chayo chekurima fodya kubva kumapurazi anopfuura 180 000 muma1980 kusvika kune zvuru zvuru zvemazuva ano nhasi, ichiri chechina chekuita muparidzi munyika yose.
Izvi pasinei nokuti zvirwere zvakasangana nefodya zvinodhura US kudarika $ 300 mabhiriyoni pagore.
China, India, uye Brazil nhasi ndiyo mitatu yakakura yefodya-nyika inobereka. Hazvishamisi kuti iri mukati mezvizhinji zvemarudzi aya anotsvaga kuzivisa ari pasi pacho.
Semuyenzaniso:
- Kubvunzurudza kwakaitwa muna 2009 muChina kwakaratidza kuti 38 muzana chete yevasvuta vaiziva kuti kusvuta kunogona kukonzera chirwere chemwoyo apo 27 muzana bedzi vaiziva kuti zvinogona kutungamirira pakurohwa.
- Saizvozvowo, vanopfuura 25 kubva muzana yevanhu veBangladesh, India, Netherlands, Russia, Thailand, neVietnam vakanga vasingazivi sangano riri pakati pokusvuta uye zvirwere zvepfungwa.
- Munguva iyi, 17 muzana yevasvuta muNew Zealand, 14 kubva muzana muFrance, uye 13 muzana muUnited States vakanga vasingazivi nezvehutano hwemwoyo hwekushaya fodya pasinei nokuti chirwere chemwoyo-uye kwete chekenza yemapapu-ndiyo nhamba imwe chete muurayi wevasvuta.
Current Health Statistics
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vanopfungidza kazhinji vanowanzofunga kuti mutsa wekumapapu uye zvimwe zvirwere zvinosvuta-fodya ndezve "mupumburu wetsvina" kupfuura yekutonga kwavo, funga izvi:
- Fodya nhasi inouraya inenge hafu yevose vanoputa.
- Munyika yose, fodya inokonzera mamiriyoni matanhatu vakafa pagore. Ndiyo rufu rumwe nemaminitsi mashanu.
- Pakati pehuwandu hwevakafa, 600 000 vari pakati pevasina kusvuta avo vakanga vasangana neutsi hwechipiri.
- Pakazosvika 2030, kana mamiriro acho achienderera mberi, nhamba yevakafa ichakwira kusvika mamiriyoni masere.
- Kusvuta ndicho chikonzero chaicho chekufa kwevashanu kuUnited States Iyo inoshandura kune vanenge 480 000 vakafa gore rimwe nerimwe, 1 300 kufa-kufanana-kufanana pazuva, 54 kufa pamusi wega, kana anenge imwe rufu paminiti.
- Yega fodya iwe unobvuta utengesa zvishanu kusvika ku11 kubva paupenyu hwako. Pamakore ose eupenyu, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mararamiro ako ehupenyu nemakore gumi nemaviri.
- Munenge 25 muzana yehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa uye 75 muzana yemapfupa evanhu vanofa vanotsanangurwa zvakananga nekusvuta pasinei nezvimwe zvikonzero.
Vechiduku Kusvuta Statistics
Hazvisi zvose zvemashoko akaipa. Zvakanga zviri muna 1997 kuti kusvuta kwakasvika pakakwirira pakati pevechidiki veAmerica ne 36.4 muzana yehupfumi iyo yakanga yapa fodya chiedza. Maererano nemushumo unobva kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chiyero ichi chave chichikwira kusvika kune 10 muzana.
Pasinei nokuwana izvi, maonero acho haasi kure. Pakati pezvakawanikwa zveCDC:
- Zuva roga roga, 3 200 veAmerica pasi pe18 vanozovhenekera fodya yavo yekutanga.
- Pakati pezvi, 2,100 ichaenderera mberi kuti ive nguva yakazara inoputa.
- Vanenge vanopfumbamwe pavanoputa gumi chete muUnited States vakaedza fodya yavo yekutanga vasati vava nemakore 18.
- Kukurumbira kwekutsvaga kwefodya kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo inotevera hutano hwehutano pakati pevechidiki nevechiri kuyaruka. Kubva muna 2014, 73 kubva muzana yevadzidzi vekusekondari uye 56 muzana yevadzidzi vekusekonderera kuchikoro vakarondedzera kushandiswa kwefodya inofadza.
- Panguva iyi, 4.3 muzana yevadzidzi vekusekondari uye 11,3 muzana yevadzidzi vekusekondari vakashuma vachishandisa e-cigarettes.
- Uyezve, 2.2 muzana yevadzidzi vekusekondari uye 5.8 muzana yevadzidzi vekusekondari vakashuma vachishandisa fodya yekucheka , chiito chakanyatsobatanidzwa nekenza yemuromo.
Shoko Rinobva
Pasinei nekuderera kwenhamba, vazhinji vanoputa muUnited States vanoziva njodzi huru dzekusvuta. Ichokwadi, maererano neCDC, inenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevaAmerica vanoputa vanoshuva kurega uye vanenge 40 kubva muzana vakaita kamwechete kuedza kurega mugore rapfuura.
Dambudziko, hongu, nderokuti zvinogona kutora kusvika kusvika makumi matatu makumi matatu asati aita kuti munhu amire, inoti vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuJohn Hopkins School School Public Health. Iyo inogona kuva inetso yakaoma asi iyo inokwanisa kuguma pakuvandudza hutano hwako pasinei nemakore mangani wawakanyuta. Pakuguma, hazvikwanisi kunonoka kusiya.
Kana iwe uri kusvuta uye wakagadzirira kumira, tora danho rako rokutanga nekudzidzira iwe pachako nekuona kwete chete nzira dzekurega dzinogona kuwanika iwe asi kuti ungavhara sei mari yekurapa, kazhinji pasina kuisa kunze kwezana.
Tora iyo imwe danho panguva. Nekutsigirwa, kushivirira, nekuzvitsaurira, iwe uchapedza tsika yacho.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. "Kushandisa Fodya uye Fodya: Zvinhu Zvokufungidzira." Atlanta, Georgia; yakagadziridzwa musi waNovember 16, 2017.
> Chaiton, M .; Diemart, L .; Cohen, J. et al. "Kuverenga nhamba yekurega kuedza kunotora kurega kusvuta famberi kuburikidza neboka refu revanhu vanoputa." BMJ Open. 2016: 6 (6): e011045. DOI: 10.1136 / bmjopen-2016-01104.
> Jha, P .; MacClennan, M .; Chaloupka, F. et al. (2015) Kansa: Disease Control Priorities (Chechitatu Mupepeti) "Chitsauko 10: Njodzi Dzepasi Pese Yefodya uye Zvakanakira Kusvuta Kusvuta uye Fodya Mitero." Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
> World Health Organization. "Tsamba Yezvokudya Fodya." Geneva, Switzerland; yakarongwa muna May 2017.