Zvakawanda Zviitiko Zvinopesana Nezvinodhaka Kuona Nguva
Nevamwe vashandi vachikumbira kuongororwa kwemishonga isati yatanga uye kushandura mitemo isina kuongororwa-kuongororwa kwemishonga, nguva yakareba yemishonga inoramba iri muhurongwa yakawedzera hutano kubva kune vashandi, vashandi nevatsvaga veIndaneti zvakafanana.
Sezvo kushungurudzwa kwemishonga yemishonga kunosvika kuhuwandu hwehutachiona muU.S., zvichiita kuti kuve nekukwirirana kwakabatana mumatambudziko ekudhinda-doro, firati yenguva iyo mishonga inogona kuonekwa mukemikari kuongororwa inogona kuva inonyanya kukosha kwekutevedza kwemitemo uye kupomerwa mune chero ipi zvayo inokonzerwa nedare remhosva .
Zvimwe Zvakawanda Zvizhinji
Dambudziko nderokuti nguva yakatarwa yehuwandu yemishonga inoramba ichionekwa mumuguta, ropa, uye saliva miedzo zvinenge zvisingabviri kugadzirisa, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kuti muviri womunhu unoita sei kana kushandiswa kwemishonga.
Nguva yekucherechedza zvinodhaka inogona kuchinjwa nehuwandu hwemagetsi evanhu, izvo zvingasiyana zvakasiyana. Nhamba yemagetsi, uyewo, inogona kukanganiswa nezera remunhu uye mamwe mararamiro ehutano. Iyo yakakwirira yehuwandu hwemagetsi, shoma nguva iyo mushonga unogona kuonekwa mumuviri.
Hydration, Body Mass
Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu, hutumbi hwemuviri, chiito chemuviri uye kushivirira kwezvinodhaka kunogona kukanganisa kuti nguva yakareba sei zvinodhaka zvichaonekwa. Nguva yekuona zvinodhaka inogona kuva yakareba kwenguva refu kune vanhu vane mafuta akawanda, nokuda kweimwe mishonga, kana kuti metabolite yavo, vanowanzounganidza mune izvo zvimedu.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kana mumwe munhu akavaka kushivirira kumushonga, nguva yakareba iyo inogona kuonekwa muhurongwa inogona kunge yakfupika, nokuti inowanzoita kushandiswa zvakanyanya nokukurumidza.
Kakawanda uye Zviyero zveKushandiswa
Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha munguva yekucherechedza zvinodhaka chiyero uye nguva yakawanda yekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka. Kushandisa nguva imwe chete kwechirwere kunogona kuonekwa kwenguva pfupi chete, asi kushandiswa kwakaoma kana kwenguva refu kwemishonga kunogona kuonekwa kwenguva yakareba. Kunyanya kushandisa kushandisa zvinodhaka kunogona kukonzera kunyanya muitiro inogona kuonekwa kwenguva refu mushure mekushandiswa kwekupedzisira.
Kunyangwe asiyasi-yekasiyano yakadzika mumuguta inogona kukanganisa nguva yekucherechedza mumuedzo. Iyo inowedzera acidic murwizi, iyo shoma nguva yekucherechedza.
Bvudzi Kuedzwa
Chimwe chiitiko chechangobva kuitika pamishonga yemishonga ndeyevhudzi follicle drug test, iyo isingambove yakakanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasarudzwa - uyewo zvishoma zvingave zvisingatauriki-uye inokwanisa kuona kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe.
Kuvhiringidzika kwekushandisa bvudzi mutsvuku ndeyokuti mishonga haigoni kuratidza mutsitsi kwemazuva manomwe kusvika kune gumi. Uyewo, miedzo yebvudzi ikozvino inodhura kupfuura yakashambadza urinhi, ropa uye saliva kuongorora mukati maviri pamwe nekugadzirisa mari.
Kwete Nguva Yakajeka
Kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana zvinogona kuchinja nguva iyo mishonga inogona "kuonekwa" mumakemikari anoongorora, izvo vatsvakurudzi vasina kukwanisa kubhadhara nguva chaiyo yekutarisa kwemunhu mumwe nemishonga anoshandisa kuongorora kwakakwana. Zvakanakisisa zvave vachikwanisa kuita ndezvokuvandudza nguva yakawanda, kana kuti zindo rekuona, panguva iyo mishonga inogona kuonekwa.
Nhepfenyuro iri pasi apa yakagadzirwa kubva mumitsara ine ruzivo rwakapiwa mukururama kwavo. Dzinosanganisira American Association for Clinical Chemistry, vadzidzisi vanoita chaizvoizvo kuedza; makambani anotengesa makiriti ekuongorora zvinodhaka kuvashandi uye kushanda kwemitemo; uye kunyange makambani anotengesa michina yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu kurova kuongororwa kwemishonga.
Kuongorora Zvinodhaka Maitirwo
Kutevera urongwa hwezvinyorwa zvinowanzoshandiswa uye zvinoshandiswa zvisina kunaka uye zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Dzvanya pamasangano emamwe mazita avo, uye nguva dzinofungidzirwa dzinogona kuonekwa dzichishandisa urin, ropa uye saliva. Shandisa Ctrl-F pane PC kana Command-F pane Mac kuti utsvake mimwe mishonga.
Adipex
Ativan
Doro
Amphetamine
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Buprenorphine
Codeine
Concerta
DMT
Dexedrine
Dilaudid
Ecstasy
Fentanyl
Hash
Heroin
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
LSD
Librium
Lortab
MDMA
Marinol
Mescaline
Methadone
Methamphetamine
MethylPhenidate
Morphine
Naltrexone
Nicotine
Norco
Opium
Oxycodone
Oxymorphone
Oxycontin
PCP
Percocet
Peyote
Phenobarbital
Psilocybin
Kudzorera
Ritalin
Robitussin AC
Soma
TCP
Tramadol
Tussionex
Tylenol # 3
Ultram
Valium
Versed
Vicodin
Xanax
Sources:
American Association for Clinical Chemistry "Zvinodhaka zvekutswa kwechisimba." Lab Test Tests Online . Yakarongwa 2 January 2013.
American Association for Clinical Chemistry "World of Forensic Laboratory Testing." Dhiyabhorosi Dhiyabhorosi Online Revised 7 May 2012.
LabCorp, Inc. " Zvinodhaka Zvokushandisa Dambudziko Rokutsvaga ."
OHS Utano Nokuchengeteka. "Zvinodhaka zvipi zvinogara muhutano hwako - kusanganisira doro?"
The Merck Manual for Health Care Professionals. "Kuongorora Zvinodhaka." Mazano Akakosha: Kushandisa Zvinodhaka uye Kuvimba naFebruary 2012.