Doro uye Zvinodhaka Chiitiko MuZvikamu Zvikuru ZveMhosva
Izvo zvakawandisa zvebasa iro zvinodhaka newaini zvinotamba mukutongwa kwemhosva muUnited States zvichida hazvibviri kutsanangura, asi zviri pachena zvakakosha maererano nemashoko kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurumende.
Kunyange zvazvo vanopomerwa mhosva vanotaura kuti vanotenda kuti mutadzi aiva pasi pekudhakwa kwedoro kana zvinodhaka zviri pasi pehafu yezvakaipa zvechisimba, kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kune avo vanonyatsobatwa nekuda kwemhosva dzinoratidza huwandu hwakawandisa hwekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Dzimwe nguva zvinodhaka uye doro zvinotungamirira mukuita zvechiviro kunyange apo avo vanokanganisa havasi pasi pesimba panguva iyo uipi huri kuitwa. Vakaipa vakawanda vanopara mhosva kuti vawane mari yekuwana zvinodhaka.
Paunowedzera mhosva dzakabatwa nekuda kwekudhakwa kwewaini kana zvinodhaka, kuparwa kwemhosva kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka, uye mhosva dzisina kutenderwa kwechirwere chacho pachacho kuparwa, doro rekudhakwa uye zvinodhaka muupombwe hwakazara.
Kuona 'Vavengi' Kwezvinodhaka Zvinodhaka uye Doro Rekushandisa
Bhizinesi reUnited States reJustice Statistics rinounganidza dambudziko kubva kune avo vanopomerwa mhosva dzechisimba pamusoro pekuti vanobvunzwa vanofunga kuti mutadzi wacho aishandisa zvinodhaka kana doro munguva yekupara mhosva. Maererano nemafungiro evanovhiringidzwa, vatadzi vaiva pasi pesimba panguva yekutongwa kwemhosva idzi:
- Mhosva yechisimba, 24.2 muzana
- Kuramba kana kurwisa zvepabonde, 30.0 muzana
- Kubata, 23.3 muzana
- Kutambudzwa, 24.1 muzana
- Kurwisa kwakanyanya, 26.2 muzana
- Kurwisa kwakajeka, 23.5 muzana
Pakati peIndia yeAmerica, varwi vakataura doro rinoshandiswa nevatadzi 62 muzana yenguva iyo, vachienzanisa ne 42 muzana yevanhu vakawanda. Mhosva dzechisimba kuAmerican maIndia umo kushandiswa kwemishonga kwakagadzirirwa 48 muzana vakanga vachishandisa doro, 9 muzana vachishandisa zvinodhaka, uye 14 muzana vaiishandisa zvose.
Kushandisa Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka Kuongorora Dhiyabhorosi
Mashoko akaunganidzwa neNational Institute of Justice kuburikidza nehurongwa hweHursee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) inotaura nyaya yakasiyana yekushandisa zvinodhaka pakati pevatadzi.
Chirongwa cheADAM II chinounganidza soro remumvura kubva kumurume arrestees kune nzvimbo 10 mumatare mashanu kumativi eU.S.: Atlanta, GA (Fulton County); Chicago, IL (Cook County); Denver, CO (Denver County); New York, NY (Borough Manhattan); uye Sacramento, CA (Sacramento County).
Arrestees anoedzwa gumi nemishonga : mbanje, cocaine metabolites, opiates, amphetamine / methamphetamine, barbiturates, benzodiazepine, buprenorphine, methadone, PCP, uye oxycodone.
Iyo ADAM data inopa zvinangwa, zviyero zvehupenyu zvekushandisa zvinodhaka pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwekuzvidzivirira pakati pevaya vakasungwa uye vanopomerwa mhosva uye vanopa nzira yekucherechedza mafambiro ekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pakati pevatadzi.
Pfungwa Huru Kubva ADAM II Zvabuda
Heano mamwe emashoko ekutanga kubva kuAdam AD data II muna 2013:
- Vaya arrestees vakaedzwa zvakanaka kune zvinodhaka zvakabva kune 63 muzana muAtlanta kusvika 83 muzana muChicago uye Sacramento
- Vaya vane mishonga yakawanda muhurongwa hwavo vakabva pa12 muzana muAtlanta kusvika 50 muzana mu Sacramento
- Marijuana ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kushandiswa zvinodhaka pakati pe arrestees, kubva ku 34 muzana muAtlanta kusvika ku 59 muzana mu Sacramento.
- Kushandiswa kwekodineine kwakaramba kuri kuderera zvikuru munzvimbo dzose.
- Kuzvidzivirira kwekutsvaga kwekutyora cocaine kwakawedzera muNew York asi kwakaramba mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
- Izvo zvakaramba zvichiitika pakuwedzerwa kwekushandiswa kweapiates (heroin, morphine, maiti opiates) yakanga yakakosha munzvimbo dzose
- Denver uye Sacramento vose vakaona kuwedzera kukuru mukushandiswa kweapiates uye methamphetamine kubva muna 2000 kusvika muna 2013.
- Kuwanikwa kwe heroin kwakagadzikana munzvimbo dzose asi kuNew York uko kunetseka kutenga mishonga (yakakundikana kutenga) yakabva kubva ku 77 muzana muna 2007 kusvika kune 35 muzana chete muna 2013.
Kuita Mhosva Kuwana Zvinodhaka
Inofungidzirwa 17 muzana yevasungwa vehurumende uye 18 muzana yevasungwa vehurumende vanotaura kuti vakaita mhaka dzavari kuvharirwa kuti vawane mari yekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Avo vanoita mhaka kuti vawane mari yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinowanzoita mhaka dzemhosva dzemapurisa nemhosva dzemishonga (kutengeserana) kupfuura ivo vane hutsinye hwechisimba uye mhosva dzevanhu.
Pakati pevasungwa vasungwa vakapomerwa mhosva dzemapurisa, zvikamu izvi zve arrestees zvakashuma kuva pasi pesimba rezvinodhaka munguva yekupara mhosva:
- Kubata, 56 muzana
- Zvombo zvepamberi 56 muzana
- Kudzora 55 muzana
- Motokari inodha 55 muzana
Doro-Mhosva Dzakabatana
Mapurisa anofungidzira kuti vatori vemamiriyoni 1,5 pagore vakasungwa nekuda kwekutyaira vachitungamirirwa neUnited States. Iko kunoshandura kusvika ku150 kukasungwa kwevatyairi vese 100 000.
Vanotyairi vari pamutemo vane doro zvisina kunaka kana ropa ravo rinodhaka doro (BACs) .08 gm per deciliter (g / dL) kana kupfuura mune zvese makumi 50 uye District of Columbia.
Kuparara kunouraya kunokonzera mutyairi ane BAC we00 kana kupfuura kunofungidzirwa kuva doro-risina simba-kutyaira motokari , uye kuuraya kunowanikwa mumatambudziko iwayo kunonzi inodhakwa-kushayisa zvinouraya, maererano neNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Pakati peNHTSA nhau, izwi rokuti "doro rakaremara" haritauri kuti kukanganisa kana kuurayiwa kwakakonzerwa nekudhakwa kwewaini, kunze kwekuti doro risina kukwanisa kutyaira rakabatanidzwa mukuparara.
Vanhu 9 967 vakafa mukudhakwa-dambudziko-kuputika kwekutyaira muna 2014 vaisanganisira:
- Vatyairi 6 391 vane BAC .08 kana kupfuura
- 1,511 vatasvi vaifamba nemutyairi akadhakwa
- 1,241 vagari vemamwe motokari
- 834 vasinaoccupants (vanofamba-famba, etc.)
Mumwe Munhu Anofa Maminitsi 53 MuDambudziko Rinoenderana Newaini
Pano pane zvitsva zvinowanikwa munhau yakapedzisira yava NHTSA Doro-Impaired Driving report, yakabudiswa muna December 2015:
- Avhareji ye-1 doro-yakaremara-kutyaira kwekutya kwakaitika maminetsi makumi mashanu nemashanu muna 2014.
- Doro rakakonzerwa nokushaya doro rakareva 19 muzana yehutachiona hwehupfumi pakati pevana 14 uye vaduku.
- Doro-risina kukanganisa kuputika nevatori vakadhakwa vakanga vari vakakwirira pakati pevatasviki vechikwata (29 muzana) vachienzaniswa nemotokari dzemotokari (22 muzana), mabhazi matsvuku (22 muzana), uye makori makuru (2 muzana).
- Muyero wewaini-yakaremara kuputika kwekuuraya kunowanikwa kanenge kane kanhi usiku.
- Pamatambudziko anokonzerwa newaini ane 9 967 muna 2014, 69 muzana inosanganisira madereji ane BAC ye .15 kana kupfuura.
Sources:
Bureau of Justice Statistics. " Kushungurudzwa Kwemhosva muUnited States - Mhosva dzevanhu - Dhakwa / doro rinoshandiswa ." Mabhuku 2008
Bureau of Justice Statistics. " Zvinodhaka uye Mhosva Dzechokwadi ." Mabhuku> Feb. 2012
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. "Doro-Kutadza Kutyaira." Traffic Safety Facts December 2015
Hofisi yeNational Drug Control Policy. "Kusunga Kushandisa Zvinodhaka Kushandisa Kushandisa Purogiramu." Purogiramu uye Tsvakurudzo December 2013