Kiradhi yemishonga Usasunungura paVimbiso
Izwi rokuti designer zvinodhaka rakakurumbira muma1980 ne1990 sechikamu che "rave" uye "chikwata" chakaitika mukati memakore makumi emakore. Izwi rokuti "designer zvinodhaka" rinowirirana nekusimudzirwa mukuzivikanwa kwe "designer" zvinhu zvose - kubva pakupfekedza kusvika kumishonga yemisha kusvika kumishonga. Asi zvinodhaka zvinodhaka hazvina kutumidzwa zita revarimi, pane kudaro, "zvakagadzirirwa" kudzivisa kuchengetedzwa kwepamutemo kuburikidza nekubudisa zvakafanana kune avo vanofunga kuti vane ngozi zvikuru kuti vateerere.
Pakutanga, izwi iri raishandiswa kureva madhiragi akaitwa nemaune kutevedzera zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa, asi nekugadziriswa kwechimiro chemakemikari, kuitira kuti vadzivise mitemo yemishonga . Iyi mishonga yakanga isingawanikwi, yaiwanzogadzirwa mukudzivirira kusina kutenderwa mabhuku uye yaiva nengozi zvikuru uye isingazivikanwi mumigumisiro yavo. Chirwere chemeth uye zvinetso zvezvemuviri, zvepfungwa uye zvepaguru zvemazana gumi apfuura zvakabuda mumusangano wekugadzira-madhiragi.
Kushandiswa Kwezvinodhaka Kwezvinodhaka uye Inotsanangurwa Itsva
Mumakumi mashoma mashoma apfuura, kuve nekuwedzera kukuru kwekushandisa zvinodhaka zvekushandisa zvinodhaka pamakonkodhi emasikati uye mharafu, zvikurukuru vakagadzira mishonga semakwenzi e ecstasy uye amphetamines. Nokudaro, izwi rokuti "Designer drugs" rinowedzera kushandiswa sezwi rokuti "mishonga yemakirini," iyo inogona kana kuti isingasviki mishonga yemishonga zvichienderana neshoko rayo rekutanga. Kunyanya kugadziriswa, amphetamines, uye hallucinogens, dzakadai saLSD , GHB, ketamine, rohypnol (zuva rekubata chibharo zvinodhaka) uye PCP, zvinowanzozivikanwa sezvigadzirwa zvemishonga.
Imwe mishonga yemishonga inofanirwa kutarisirwa uye, pane dzimwe nguva, migumisiro inofadza inowanzobatanidzwa mumugadziri wemishonga muchikwata, kunyange zvazvo vasiri mapiritsi emishonga nemanzwiro ekare. Zvinonyanya kugadziriswa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira mararamiro uye erectile dysfunction drugs sezvakaita Viagra, iyo inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nemet muchitambo uye kutamba.
Mishonga yakadaro yakagadzirwa nemishonga yemishonga iyi, iyo inokodzera zvinorehwa zvepakutanga yemishonga yemishonga, inogona kushandiswa zvakare.
Muumbi wezvinodhaka, pamwe chete nemishonga inowanzozivikanwa yakadai sekodhaine uye meth , avewo chikamu chakakosha chechikwata chechikwata chegayari uye nzvimbo yepati-uye-play, iyo yakasimuka mukuzivikanwa uye yakakonzera kunetseka kukuru pamusoro pemakore mashomanana apfuura. Sangano uye kutamba zvakabatanidzwa nemaune nemaune, asinganzwisisiki uye asingazivikanwi kutapurirwa kweHIV apo vatori vechikamu vari pasi pesimba remeth kunyanya.
Pfungwa yokuti vanoshandisa zvinodhaka vanogona kudzora uye kugadzirisa mafungiro avo pachavo mukuda, somuenzaniso, kutamba kwemaawa mazuva ekufara, uye "kuburuka" nerunyararo rwakafanana neValium, vakakumbira kune vakawanda vakafunga kuti vane simba re "kugadzira" ivo pachavo kana kuti mumwe munhu mupfungwa mupfungwa kushandisa madhiragi. Vakawanda vakafunga kuti yakavasunungura kubva pamagariro evanhu vevashandisi vezvinodhaka vasina simba pamusoro pemishonga yavo.
Ichokwadi cheMugadziri Wezvinodhaka
Ichokwadi chekugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka ndezvekuti ivo vanowanzonyanya kusatarisika, zvose mumakemikari zviripo uye zviripo. Kutenga kubva kune mutengesi wezvinodhaka hakupei chivimbo chokuti uri kugamuchira mushonga wauri kukumbira. Kuwanda kwehupfu uye kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu kwakaitika nekuda kwekutadza kusaruramisira mukushandiswa kwemutemo zvisina kuwanikwa nemishonga uye kushandiswa kwemishonga inorambidzwa .
Chigadziri zvinodhaka zvinoumba matambudziko pakurapa, kunyanya mumatangiro akaoma akaenzana. Pasina kuziva chii chinokonzera kudhakwa kwevanhu , zvakaoma kunyatsoronga mishonga yakakodzera. Vakawanda vanoshandisa zvinodhaka vanodhakwawo.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kuve nekudzoka kwezvigadzirwa zvemishonga zvinotengeswa pamusoro peInternet, kunyanya kugadzirwa kweViagra, marijuana uye anabolic steroid. Aya mavara ekugadzirwa kwemishonga anozivikanwa anotakura njodzi dzose dzepakutanga nezvimwe. Uye pasinei nezvipikirwa zve "mutemo" zvakakwirira, masangano emitemo anowedzera kuwedzera ari kuderedza zvinodhaka zvakatengeswa semishonga inozivikanwa, pasinei nemakemikari chaiwo.
Sources
Capital Health Region (BC). Designer Zvinodhaka . Sangano reKudhakwa Kwemishonga. 2001.
Frances, R., Miller, S., uye Mack, A. (Vatori). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. 3rd edition. New York: Guilford. 2005.
Miller, W. naCarroll, K. (Vatungamiri). Kunyengedza Kudhakwa Kwezvinhu. New York: Guilford. 2006.
Semple, S., Zians, J., Strathdee, S. & Patterson, T. "Marathons ehupombwe uye kushandiswa kwemashamphetamine pakati pevarume vane hutachiwana vane hutano nevarume." Arch Zvepabonde Behav 38: 583-590. 2009.