Wati wakambozvibvunza here kuti nei iwe kazhinji uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uching Kana iwe wakafanana nevanhu vazhinji, iwe unogona kunge unotenda kuti nekuda kwekuti meso ako akazaruka, uri kuona. Saka nei dzimwe nguva tichikundikana kuona zvinhu zvakanaka pamberi pemeso edu?
Tsanangudzo
Ichokwadi ndechokuti kutarisa kunoita basa guru mukuona maonero . Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru nei uchikundikana kuona zvikanganiso mumafirimu nemapurogiramu e terevhizheni chinhu chakaitika mupfungwa chinozivikanwa sekusatadza kupofu .
Kana iwe unofunga nezvekuita basa rakaoma, sekuteerera kune munhu mukuru mufirimu, unogona kusaona zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi zvichipinda mumunda wako unoona.
Kutsvakurudza
Izwi iri rokutanga rakagadzirwa nevepfungwa dzepfungwa Arien Mack naIrvin Rock avo vakacherechedza chiitiko panguva yekufunga kwavo nekunyatsoongorora. "Nemhaka yekusakwanisa kunzwisisa, kuonekwa uku kupofumadza, kwakaratidzika kunokonzerwa nekuti nyaya dzaisati dzauya kune zvinokurudzira asi panzvimbo iyo dzakanga dzichipinda kune chimwe chinhu ... takanyora izvi zvinoshamisa kusatarisira kupofu (IB)," vakatsanangura .
Chimwe chezviongorori zvakazivikanwa zvikuru zvinoratidza kusatendeka mapofu ndiSimons uye Chabris "kuedza kusingaoneki kwegora." Muchiitiko ichi, vatsvakurudzi vakakumbira vatori vechikamu kuti vaone vhidhiyo yevanhu vachikanda basketball uye vanocherechedza vakaudzwa kuti vaverengere nhamba yepfuura kana kuchengeta nhamba yehuwandu hunopesana nehuwandu hwekupfuura.
Mushure mezvo, vatori vechikamu vakabvunzwa kana vakaona chero chinhu chisingaoneki vachiona vhidhiyo. Mune mimwe miedzo, inenge 50 muzana yevatori vechikamu yakashuma kuti havaoni chinhu kunze kwechase.
Chii chavo chavakange vasisipo? Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mukadzi akafuka mujeri gorilla akatarisa munzvimbo yacho, akatendeukira kumera, akadzora chifuva chake ndokubva aenda.
Ndeipi pasi pano vanhu vakawanda vangasuwa chinhu chakajeka uye chisingafungirwi pamberi pavo? Nemhaka yekuti kutarisa kwavo kwakarongedzwa kune imwe nzvimbo pane basa rakaoma, gorilla yakazoita isingaonekwi.
Tsanangudzo
Sei kutadza kusina kuitika kunoitika? Panzvimbo pokuisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvose zviduku munyika inotitenderedza, tinowanzoisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvinokosha uye tinovimba nemarongwa edu aripo kuti tizadze zvimwe. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha uye zvinotibvumira kuti tifunge nezvemaonero edu aripo, kufunga, nekugadzirisa zvigadziro pane zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru pazvinotibvumira kuti tive nekubatana uye kusagadzikana kwehupenyu hwenyika inotitenderedza.
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei vanhu vanowanzoshaya ruzivo rwe gorilla kuburikidza nechiitiko chevanhu vari kutamba basketball ndeyekuti chikonzero chinoshaya izvo zvinozivikanwa sezvakanaka zvezvisikwa. Ko gorilla inoratidze kakawanda sei mukati mepupu yebhasikiti? Nokuti izvi hazviitike kuti zviitike munyika chaiyo-sarudzo, isu tangoita zvishoma kuti tizvione.
Kujeka kwechikonzero chinowanzokoshawo. Apo isu dzimwe nguva tinokundikana kukanganwa ruzivo rwakakosha munyika inotitenderedza, isu tinowanzoita zvakanaka pakucherechedza ruzivo rwakakosha sekufanana nemotokari inokurumidzira kwatiri kana nondo inodonha kubva pamiti kusvika mumugwagwa.
Mienzaniso
Isu tose tinoona kusatarisira kwekupofumadza kazhinji, zvakadai mumamiriro ezvinhu aya anokwanisa:
- Kunyangwe iwe uchifunga kuti uri kutarisa mumugwagwa, iwe unokundikana kuona motokari inotenderera mumugwagwa wako wemugwagwa, zvichiguma nemugumisiro wemotokari.
- Iwe uri kutarisa firimu yezvakaitika kare yakaiswa muGreece yekare. Iwe haugoni kuona chikuru chinonzi blooper umo ndege inowanikwa kumashure kwechiitiko chinokosha.
- Iwe unosarudza kuita foni paunenge uchityaira mumatokari akawandisa. Iwe unokundikana kucherechedza kuti chiedza chemotokari chakashanduka chikafu, saka iwe unomhanya chiedza chekumira uye unopedzisa kuwana tiketi yekutengesa kwekutyaira kusingatauriki.
- Paunenge uchitamba mutambo wemavhidhiyo , iwe unonyatsotarisa pakuona rumwe rudzi rwe "munhu akaipa" iwe unosuwa imwe yerungo kune unhu hwako uye iwe unopedzisa kurasika mutambo.
Kupofu Kwakanyanya Kusingatauri Kuona
Pane zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kukanganisa kusakanganisika kwekupofumara sezvinoratidzwa nenyanzvi idzi:
- Maererano naEysenck naKeane (2011), Simons naChabis vakaita chimwe chiitiko chakafanana kune chiitiko chisingaoneki gorilla, asi mune iyi, vatori vechikamu vaifanira kuverenga nhamba yepfuura yakaitwa nevechikwata kana chechi muchena. Kubva kune vatori vechikamu vakanga vari kuverenga kupfuura neboka rechechena, 42% chete vakaona gorilla, asi kune avo vaitora mazita avo vakaverenga kudarika kwevanhu vemauto, 83% vavo vakaona gorilla. "Izvi zvinoratidza kukonzerwa kwekufananidzwa pakati pekusafanofungidzirwa kukurudzira (gorilla) uye basa-rinoenderana nebasa (nhengo dzeboka rakapinda)," inoti Eysenck naKeane.
- K. Mauldin (2013) anotaura kuti kushaya hanya kwemafuro kwakafanana nekuchinja hupofu , iyo apo paunoshushikana nekushandurwa mumutambo waivapo kare. Mukusaona kwakapofumadza, iwe unoshaya hutsva hutsva, kazhinji nekuda kwezvaunotarisira.
The Bottom Line
Kungofanana nemaziso ako akazaruka hazvirevi kuti iwe uri kuona zvose zviri munyika zvakakupoteredza. Pfungwa inobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kutarisa. Dzimwe nguva tinosuwa zvinhu izvo zviri pamberi pedu.
Sources:
Eysenck, MW & Keane, MT (2011). Kugadzirisa pfungwa dzepfungwa: Bhuku remudzidzi . Psychology Press.
Mack, A. & Rock, I. (1999). Kutadza kupofumadza: Mhedziso yeAinen Mack naIrvin Rock. Yakadzorerwa kubva ku www.theassc.org/files/assc/2417.pdf
Mauldin, K. (2013). Inattenal blindness. Muna AK Taylor (Mupepeti). Encyclopedia of human memory. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
Simons, DJ, & Chabris, CF (1999). Gorilla pakati pedu: Kufuridzirwa kusakanganiswa kwakasimbiswa kwezviitiko zvine simba. Pfungwa, 28, 1059-1074.
Simons, D. (2012, Sept.). Asi wakaona gorilla here? Dambudziko nekusaona kwemafufu. Magazine Smithsonian. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/but-did-you-see-the-gorilla-the-problem-with-inattentional-blindness-17339778/?no-ist