Kunzwisisa Nyanzvi yeErikson Yekuvandudzwa Kwepfungwa
Kuzivikanwa pamusoro pekuvhiringidzika ndiyo danho rechishanu regogo maererano nemagariro epfungwa yeErik Erikson nharo yekuvandudza mupfungwa . Iyi danho rinoitika panguva yekuyaruka pakati pezera remakore anenge 12 ne18. Munguva iyi, vechidiki vanoongorora kusununguka kwavo uye vanovandudza pfungwa.
Maererano naErikson, vanhu vanopfuurira kuburikidza nehuwandu hwezvikamu sezvavanokura nekuchinja muupenyu hwose.
Munguva imwe neimwe yega, vanhu vanotarisana nekurwisana kunofanirwa kunofanira kugadziriswa kuti vabudirire kusimba hukuru hwakanaka hwepakati iyo. Akanga achida kuziva kuti kushamwaridzana kwehutano uye hukama hunochinja sei kukura nekukura.
Chii Chinozivikanwa Chaicho?
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveErikson's psychosocial stage nheyo ndeyekuvandudzwa kwe ego chizivo. Ndiyo pfungwa yekuti isu tinokura kuburikidza nekubatana kwevanhu, izvo zvinoramba zvichinja nekuda kwezviitiko zvitsva uye ruzivo rwedu rwatinowana mukushanda kwedu kwezuva nezuva nevamwe.
Panguva yekuzivikanwa pamusoro pekukanganiswa kwepakati, kurwisana uku kunonyanya kukura mukuzivikanwa kwako pachako. Kuzadza chiitiko ichi kubudirira kunounza pfungwa yakasimba yega iyo inoramba iripo muupenyu hwose.
Kunyatsotarisisa Kuzivikanwa kweChiratidzo neChirangaridzo Stage
- Kukanganisa kwepfungwa: Unhu hunoenderana nekusanganiswa
- Mubvunzo Mukuru: "Ndini ani?"
- Chinhu Chaicho Chakanaka: Kuvimbika
- Chiitiko Chinokosha (s): Social Relationships
Sezvo vachichinja kubvira paudiki vachienda kune vanhu vakuru, vechidiki vanogona kutanga kunzwa vachinetseka kana kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pavo uye kuti vanobatana sei munzanga. Sezvavanotsvaka kuedza pfungwa yega, vechidiki vanogona kuedza mabasa akasiyana, mabasa, uye maitiro. Maererano naErikson, izvi zvakakosha pakugadzirisa kwekudzivirira kwakasimba uye kukudziridza pfungwa yekurovedza muupenyu.
Kubudirira Muhuduku Hwemakore
Maitiro evechidiki anowanzoita seasingafungidziki uye asingafungi, asi zvose izvi chikamu chekutora pfungwa yekuziva iwe pachako. Vabereki uye nhengo dzemhuri vanoramba vachiita kuti vana vaduku vanzwe sei pamusoro pavo, asi kunze kwemasimba zvakare anokosha zvikuru panguva ino. Shamwari, mapoka evanhu, vekuchikoro, mararamiro emagariro evanhu, uye kunyange tsika dzakakurumbira vose vanoita basa mukuumba uye kuumba huzivi.
Avo vanogamuchira kukurudzirwa kwakakodzera nekusimbiswa kuburikidza nekutsvakurudza kwavo pachavo vachabva kubva munharaunda iyi ne pfungwa yakasimba yega pachavo uye manzwiro ekuzvimirira uye kutonga. Avo vanoramba vasina chokwadi nezvezvavanoda uye zvido zvavo vachagara vasina kuchengeteka uye vanovhiringidzika pamusoro pavo uye munguva yemberi.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri panharaunda ino yekugadzirwa kunosanganisira kuita kune imwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuenda kunzira yekuita basa, kusarudza kuti mapoka evanhu vanobatana sei uye kunyange kukudziridza manzwiro evanhu.
Vaya vanobudirira vanokudziridza kutendeseka, kunaka kwepfungwa kunoratidzwa nekukwanisa kuratirana nevamwe nekuumba hukama hwechokwadi. Iko kukwanisa kunobatanidzwa basa rinokosha munharaunda inouya inozivikanwa sehukama hwepedyo nehutatu .
Saka, chii chinoitika kune avo vasingagumi kubudirira pakuumba huzivi panguva ino mukurudzirwa? Vana vasingabvumirwi kuongorora uye kuedza zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana vangave vasara pane izvo Erikson akataura nezvake sekuvhiringidza. Ava vanhu havazivi kuti ivo ndevanaani kana kuti chii chavanoda. Vanowanzotama kubva kune rimwe basa kana ukama kune mumwe, vasingazivi zvechokwadi zvavanoda kuita nehupenyu hwavo. Panzvimbo pekunzwa manzwiro ekubatana kwevanhu, ivo vari kusara vanonzwa vaodzwa mwoyo uye vakavhiringidzika pamusoro penzvimbo yavo muupenyu.
> Sources
> Erikson, EH (1963). Childhood uye Society. (2nd ed.). New York: Norton.
> Erikson, EH (1968). Chinozivikanwa: Vechidiki uye Matambudziko. New York: Norton.
> Erikson, EH (1982). Upenyu Hweupenyu Hwakapedzwa. Norton, New York / London.