Masite Eight Ekutambiswa Kwevanhu
Nheyo yekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzakagadzirwa naErik Erikson zvichida chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvinyorwa. Dzidziso yacho yakasiyana nedzimwe dzakawanda pakuti inotaura nezvekufambira mberi mukati mehupenyu hwose, kubvira pakuzvarwa kuburikidza norufu.
Pane imwe nhanho, munhu wacho anotarisana nemakakatanwa anoshanda sechinotendeuka pakuvandudza. Apo kukakavadzana kwakagadziriswa kubudirira, munhu wacho anokwanisa kukudziridza hutano hwehupfungwa hwehupfungwa hwakabatana nechikamu ichocho chekusimudzirwa.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvikamu zvega zvega zvepfungwa, kusanganisira kupikisana kunosangana pachigariro chimwe nechimwe uye zviitiko zvikuru zvinoitika panguva imwe neimwe yekusimudzira.
1 - Nhanho 1: Kuvimba Nekusatenda
Kuvimba nekusavimba ndiko kutanga kwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinowanikwa mugore rokutanga kana kuti zvehupenyu hwemwana. Munguva iyi inotyisa yekubatsira, mwana anobva kune avo vanochengetedza.
Apo vabereki kana vanochengeta vanopindura zvinodiwa nemwana nenzira yakagadzikana uye ine hanya, mwana wacho anodzidza kuvimba nenyika uye vanhu vakamupoteredza.
2 - Chikamu chechipiri: Kuzvigadzirisa nekunyadziswa uye kusava nechokwadi
Chikamu chechipiri chepfungwa chinosanganisira kupesana pakati pekuzvimirira uye kunyadziswa kana kusava nechokwadi . Sezvo mwana achipinda mumakore akwegura, kuwana pfungwa huru yekuzvitonga kunowedzera kukosha.
Mabasa akadai sekudzidza kushandisa masimba, kusarudza zvokudya uye kusarudza matoyi inzira dzokuti vana vawane pfungwa huru yekuzvimirira.
3 - Chikamu chechitatu: Kutanga uye kusarura
Nharaunda yechitatu yepfungwa yehupfungwa inonzi inozovhiringidza nekutadza uye inoitika pakati pemakore anenge matatu ne mashanu. Iyi nhanho inowanikwa pakuvandudza pfungwa yekuzvipira.
Vana vanobvumirwa uye vanokurudzirwa kuti vaite mutambo wekutonga vanobuda nechinangwa chekuita zvakasimba, asi avo avo vakaodzwa mwoyo kubva kune izvozvi vanogona kutanga kunzwa kunzwa vane mhosva pamusoro pemabasa avo avakatanga kuita.
4 - Nhanho yechina: Indasitiri inoenderana nekuderera
Pakati pehupakati pakati pemakore anenge gumi nematanhatu, vana vanopinda danho rezvepfungwa dzinozivikanwa semabhizimisi zvichienderana nehutsika . Sezvo vana vachitanga kushamwaridzana neshamwari uye mabasa ezvidzidzo kuchikoro, vanotanga kukudziridza pfungwa yekudada uye kubudirira mune basa ravo uye mano.
Vana vanorumbidzwa uye vanokurudzirwa vanokudziridza pfungwa yekuziva, nepo avo vakaodzwa mwoyo vanosara nekunzwa kwekuderera.
5 - Nhanho 5: Kuzivikanwa Nekunyunyuta
Muchikamu chechishanu chepfungwa yehupfungwa inotarisana nehuzivi nehuwandu hwekuvhiringidzika . Panguva ino mukukudziridza, kuumbwa kwehutano hweunhu pachako kunotambudza. Munguva yekuyaruka, vechidiki vanoongorora maitiro akasiyana, mabasa uye ruzivo.
Erikson aidavira kuti danho iri rakakosha zvikuru uye kuti kuumba chizivo chakasimba kunoshanda sechikonzero chekuwana mararamiro emangwana muupenyu.
Avo vanowana manzwiro ekuzivikanwa vanonzwa vakachengeteka, vanozvimiririra uye vakagadzirira kutarisana nezveramangwana, asi avo vanoramba vakasanganiswa vanganzwa vakarasika, vasina kuchengeteka uye vasina chokwadi chezvimbo yavo munyika.
6 - Nhanho 6: Kushamwaridzana nekusanganiswa
Chikamu chechitanhatu chezvepfungwa chinotarisana nehukama hwepedyo nekuparadzana chinotarira pakuumba hukama hwepedyo, hune rudo nevamwe vanhu. Kuroorana, kuroorana, mhuri uye ushamwari zvakakosha panguva yehukama hwepedyo kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo, iyo inotangira kubva munenge makore 19 kusvika ku40.
Nokugadzirisa kubudirira ukama hune rudo nevamwe vanhu, vanhu vanogona kuona rudo uye vanakidzana neukama hwepedyo. Vaya vanokundikana kuumba hukama husingaperi vanogona kunzwa vari voga uye vari voga.
7 - Nhanho 7: Generativity vs. Kusangana
Kana munhu mukuru achipinda muhutano nekusvika kwechikwata chinowanikwa pakati pehukuru hwevanhu, hukama hwepfungwa hunova hwekuda kwekugadzira kana kukura zvinhu izvo zvingazoitika kune mumwe munhu.
Kurera mhuri, kushanda, uye kupa zvipo kumunharaunda inzira dzose dzokuti vanhu vave nechinangwa chechinangwa. Vaya vanokundikana kuwana nzira dzekugovera vanogona kunzwa vakanatswa uye vasina maturo.
8 - Chikamu 8: Kuvimbika Pasinei Nokuora Mwoyo
Chikamu chokupedzisira chepfungwa uye chepfungwa chinozivikanwa sekutendeseka nekuremerwa uye zvinotanga kusvika kune makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu uye zvinopera kusvika pakufa. Munguva iyi nguva, munhu anotarisa kumashure muupenyu hwake. Mubvunzo mukuru panguva iyi ndeyekuti, "Ndakararama upenyu hune chinangwa here?"
Vaya vane kunzwa vachinzwa rugare, uchenjeri nekuzadzika, kunyange pavanosangana nerufu. Kune avo vanotarisa kumashure pamusoro pehupenyu nekurwadziwa nekuzvidemba, manzwiro ekuora mwoyo angaguma.