Kuumba hukama hwepedyo nevamwe
Kushamwaridzana nekuparadzaniswa ndiyo nhanhatu yechitendero chaErik Erikson chokukudziridza mupfungwa . Iyi nhanho inoitika pahuduku huri pakati pemakore anenge 19 ne40. Panguva ino, kukakavara kukuru kunosanganisira kugadzira ukama hwepedyo, hune rudo nevamwe vanhu.
Kunzwisisa Pfungwa Yekugadzirisa Inyanzvi
Nharo yaErikson yekukura kwepfungwa dzepfungwa inokurudzira kuti vanhu vapfuure nepakati pezvikamu zvakakonzerwa nehutano hwevanhu uye hwepfungwa.
Pane imwe neimwe muhupenyu hwomunhu, iye anotarisana nehondo yekukura inofanira kugadziriswa. Vanhu vanokunda idzi nharo vanogona kuzadzikisa unyanzvi hwepfungwa dzinozopedzisira dzichipedza hupenyu hwose hwomunhu. Avo vanokundikana kutarisana nematambudziko aya vacharamba vachirwa.
Chinhu chimwe chakaita kuti Erikson nharo yakasiyana yakasiyana ndeyekuti kusiyana nemamwe akawanda mazano ekufambisa, zvikamu zvepfungwa zvepfungwa zvinotarisa kuti vanhu vanochinja sei nekukura pamusoro pemakore ose ehupenyu.
Chirongwa chekushamwaridzana nekusanganiswa kweChitatu
Ichi chikwata chechitanhatu chekusimudza mupfungwa mupfungwa ine:
- Mafungiro ezvepfungwa: Kushamwaridzana nekuparadzana
- Mubvunzo Mukurumbira: "Ndichandida kana kuti ini ndoga here?"
- Chinhu Chakanakisisa: Rudo
- Chiitiko Chinokosha (s): Kukurukurirana
Chii Chinoitika Panguva Ino
Erikson akatenda kuti zvakanga zvakakosha kuti vanhu vave nehukama hwepedyo, hune hukama nevamwe vanhu. Ukama hukama hwepedyo hwepfungwa sezvo vanhu vanopinda muhukuru vachiita basa rakakosha muhukama hwepedyo kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo.
Ukama hwakadaro kakawanda hune rudo muzvisikwa, asi Erikson aidavira kuti ushamwari hwepedyo hwakakosha zvakare. Erikson akatsanangura ukama hwepedyo sevaya vanozivikanwa nekuswedera pedyo, kuvimbika, nerudo.
Vanhu vanobudirira mukugadzirisa kukakavadzana kwehukama hwepedyo kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yakatsaurwa vanogona kukudziridza ukama hwakadzika, hunobatsira nevamwe.
Vane hukama hwepedyo, hune hukama husingaperi, asi vanovakawo hukama hwakasimba nemhuri neshamwari.
Kubudirira kunotungamirira kune hukama hwakasimba, asi kukundikana kunoguma mukusurukirwa uye kuparadzaniswa. Vakuru vanorwisana nechikwata ichi vanotambura kushamwaridzana kwepabonde. Vangave vasina kumbobatana nehukama hwepedyo nevanobatsirana navo kana kuti vangatoedza kukudziridza ukama hupi zvachose. Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kuoma sezvo vanhu ava vanoona shamwari neshamwari dzinowira murudo, kuroora, nekutanga mhuri. Vaya vanonetseka kuti vave neukama hwepedyo nevamwe vanowanzosara vachinzwa vakasurukirwa uye vari kure. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunzwa vakasurukirwa zvikuru kana vakanetseka kuti vave neshamwari dzepedyo nevamwe.
Kuziva Kwako Kunobatsira Kushamwaridzana Kana Kuti Isolation
Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinowanzoratidzwa sezvikamu zvakanyatsotsanangurwa, matanho akaenzana, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti imwe nhanho inobatsira kune inotevera. Semuenzaniso, Erikson aidavira kuti kuva nemafungiro akazara ezvako (zvakagadzwa panguva yekuzivikanwa pamusoro pekuvhiringidzika kwepamusoro ) zvakakosha pakukwanisa kuumba hukama hwepedyo. Dzidzo dzakaratidza kuti avo vane pfungwa dzisina kunaka-vanoita sevasina hukama hwehukama uye vanowanzoshungurudzika mupfungwa, kusurukirwa, uye kuora mwoyo.
> Sources:
> Erikson, EH. Childhood uye Society. 2nd ed. New York: Norton; 1963.
> Erikson, EH. Chinozivikanwa: Vechidiki uye Matambudziko. New York: Norton; 1968.
> Erikson, EH. Upenyu Hweupenyu Hwakapedzwa. New York / London: Norton; 1982.