Chikamu Chechina chekuvandudza kwepfungwa
Shanduro inopesana nehutsika ndiyo nhanho yechina yedzidziso yeErik Erikson yekuvandudza mupfungwa . Nzvimbo yacho inoitika pahucheche pakati pezera remakore anenge gumi nematanhatu.
Nhaurirano Yichimbidzika Yechikamu Chechina chePavirosocial Court
- Psychosocial Conflict: Industry against Inferiority
- Mubvunzo Mukuru: "Ndingava sei akanaka?"
- Chinhu Chakakanaka: Unyanzvi
- Chiitiko Chinokosha (s): Chikoro
Maererano nenheyo yaErikson, vanhu vanopfuurira kuburikidza nemhando yezvikamu sezvavanokura nekukura. Kusiyana nedzimwe dzakawanda dzidziso dzekufambira mberi, kero dzeErikson dzinoshanduka dzinoitika mukati mehupenyu hwose, kubvira pakuzvarwa kusvika pakufa.
Mafungiro ezvepfungwa haafaniri kutarisa kuchinja kwezvinhu zvakajeka kunoitika apo vana vanokura, asi panzvimbo yehukama hwevanhu hunokonzera kukura kwepfungwa mupfungwa. Pane imwe nhanho mukurudzirwa, vanhu vanotarisana nematambudziko epfungwa. Kuti agadzirise dambudziko iri, vana nevakuru vanotarisana nekuziva basa rinosimudzirwa kusvika pakutanga.
Kana ruzivo urwu rwakabudirira kubudirira, runotungamirira kune unyanzvi hunoita kuti hupenyu huve hupenyu hwose huvepo. Semuenzaniso, kuzadzika kuvimba ndiro basa rekutanga chekutanga chekusimudza. Iko kukwanisa kunoita kuti utano hwepfungwa huve hupenyu hwose munguva yehuduku uye hukuru.
Kukundikana kuziva zvinhu izvi zvakaoma, zvisinei, zvinogona kukonzera kutambura kwevanhu uye zvepfungwa zvinopedzisa upenyu hwose.
Saka chii chaizvoizvo chinoitika panguva yebhizimisi zvichienderana nehuwandu hwematongerwo enyika? Ndezvipi zvinoita kuti zvive nekubudirira kwepanyika panguva ino mukurudzirwa? Ndezvipi zvimwe zvezviitiko zvakakosha zvinobatsira pakukura kwepfungwa?
ISocial World Inowedzera
Chikoro uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu vanoita basa rinokosha munguva ino yehupenyu hwemwana. Nyika yevana vomunharaunda inowedzera zvikuru sezvavanopinda chikoro uye vanowana ushamwari hutsva nevezera rako. Kuburikidza nekushamwaridzana kwevanhu, vana vanotanga kukudziridza pfungwa yekudada mune zvavanoita uye mano avo.
Pakati pezvikamu zvekutanga, kushamwaridzana kwemwana kunonyanya kutarisa kune vatarisi, nhengo dzemhuri, uye vamwe mumhuri yavo yepedyo. Sezvo chikoro chemakore chinotanga, nharaunda yehutano hwevanhu inowedzera zvinoshamisa.
Shamwari uye vaunodzidza navo vanoita basa rekuti vana vanofambira sei kuburikidza nemabhizimisi zvichienderana nekuderera. Nokubudirira pakutamba uye kuchikoro, vana vanogona kukudziridza pfungwa yekuziva uye kuzvikudza mumano avo. Nekunzwa uine ruzivo uye unokwanisa, vana vanogonawo kugadzira pfungwa yakasimba yega-pfungwa .
Munguva yekukurukurirana kwevamwe nevezera rako, vamwe vana vanogona kuona kuti mano avo ari nani kune avo eshamwari dzavo kana kuti matarenda avo anokoshesa zvikuru nevamwe. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumanzwiro ekuvimba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vana vanogona kuziva kuti havasi ivo vanogona sevamwe vana, izvo zvingaguma nokufunga kuti havakwanisi.
Chikoro Chekuchikoro Chinobatsira Kuvaka Kukwanisa uye Kuvimba
Pazvikamu zvekutanga zvekuvandudza, vana vainyanya kukwanisa kuita mabasa ekuseka uye kugamuchira kurumbidzwa nekucherechedza. Kana chikoro chakatanga, kushanda kwechokwadi uye unyanzvi zvinoongororwa. Mavharesi uye mhinduro kubva kuvadzidzisi vanokurudzira vana kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuhutano hwebasa ravo.
Munguva yebhizimusi zvichienderana nekuderera kwepamusoro, vana vanokwanisa kuita mabasa anowedzera zvakaoma. Somugumisiro, vanoedza kuedza unyanzvi hutsva. Vana vanokurudzirwa uye vakarumbidzwa nevabereki nevadzidzisi vanokudziridza manzwiro ekukwanisa uye kutenda mune zvavanogona.
Vaya vanogamuchira zvishoma kana kuti kwete kukurudzirwa kubva kuvabereki, vadzidzisi, kana vezera vanozopokana kuti vanogona kubudirira. Vana vanotambudzika kukudziridza pfungwa iyi yekwanisi vanogona kubuda kubva panguva ino nemanzwiro ekukundikana uye kuderera. Izvi zvinogona kuisa danho rematambudziko akazotevera mukubudirira. Vanhu vasinganzwisisiki mukukwanisa kwavo kubudirira vanogona kunge vashoma kuedza zvinhu zvitsva uye zvinowanzofungidzira kuti zvavanoita hazvikwanisi kuongororwa.
Zviitiko zveDanho Iri Rinogona Kubatsira Kuvaka kana Kurega Kuvimba
Maererano naErikson, danho iri rinokosha mukudziridza kuzvivimba . Munguva yechikoro nemamwe mabasa evanhu, vana vanotambira kurumbidzwa uye kutarisirwa kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana akadai sokuverenga, kunyora, kutora, nekugadzirisa zvinetso .
Vana vanoita zvakanaka kuchikoro vanowanzoita kuti vawane pfungwa yekuziva uye kuvimba. Vanonzwa zvakanaka pamusoro pavo uye kubudirira kwavo kubudirira.
Vana vanotambura nebasa rechikoro vanogona kuva nenguva yakaoma kukudziridza manzwiro echokwadi. Pane kudaro, vangave vakasara vane manzwiro ekushaya kukwana uye kuderera.
Vabereki neVadzidzisi vanogona sei kubudirira kuburikidza neIndaneti neChechi yeHurumende?
Panguva ino, zvinokosha kuti vabereki nevadzidzisi vape rubatsiro nekukurudzira. Zvisinei, vakuru vanofanira kungwarira kuti varege kuenzanisa kubudirira nekugamuchirwa uye rudo. Rudo rusina kukodzera uye rutsigiro kubva kuvanhu vakuru rinogona kubatsira vana vose kuburikidza nezera iri, asi kunyanya avo vanogona kurwadziwa nemanzwiro ekuderera.
Vana vanonyanya kukoshesa, kune rumwe rutivi, vanogona kukudziridza pfungwa yekuzvikudza. Zviri pachena, kuenzanisa kunobatanidzwa basa guru pane ino mukutaridzika. Vabereki vanogona kubatsira vana kukudziridza mafungiro echokwadi chaiwo kuburikidza nekudzivisa kunyanyisa kurumbidzwa nemubairo, kukurudzira miitiro panzvimbo yezvinoitika, uye kubatsira vana kukudziridza kukura kwefungwa . Kunyange kana vana vachirwisana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechikoro, kukurudzira vana munzvimbo dzavanonyanya kukosha kunogona kubatsira kukurudzira manzwiro ekukwanisa uye kubudirira.
Muenzaniso Wekambani Nehupfumi
Zvichida nzira yakanakisisa yekufungidzira kuti iyo mhizha nehutsika hwakashata ingaita sei mwana kutarisa muenzaniso. Fungidzira vana vaviri mune imwecheteyo-yepamusoro-soro yekirasi.
Olivia anowana zvidzidzo zvesainzi zvakaoma, asi vabereki vake vanoda kumubatsira usiku humwe nebasa rake rechikoro. Anobvunzawo mudzidzisi kuti awane rubatsiro uye anotanga kugamuchira kukurudzirwa uye kurumbidzwa pamabasa ake.
Jackwo anotambudzika nesayenzi, asi vabereki vake havafariri kumubatsira nebasa rake rekuchikoro usiku. Anonzwa achishata pamusoro pevadzidzi vashoma anogamuchira pamabasa ake esayenzi asi haana chokwadi chekuita maererano nemamiriro acho ezvinhu. Mudzidzisi wake ari kutsoropodza basa rake asi haapi kupa chero rubatsiro rwekare kana mazano. Pakupedzisira, Jack anongopera, uye magwaro ake anotowedzera.
Kunyange zvazvo vana vari vaviri vachinetseka nechiitiko ichi chechikoro, Olivia akagamuchira kutsigirwa uye kukurudzirwa kwaaida kukunda matambudziko aya uye achiri kuvaka pfungwa yekugadzirisa. Jack, zvisinei, akanga asingachagoni kukurudzirwa mune zvemagariro uye zvepfungwa zvaaida. Munharaunda iyi, Olivia angangodaro awedzere mafungiro emabhizimisi umo Jack achasara nemanzwiro ekuderera.
> Sources:
> Anderson, RE, Carter, I., & Lowe, GR Maitiro evanhu mune zvemagariro evanhu: Nzira yehutano hwevanhu. New Brunswick: University of Chigago Press; 2009.
> Carducci, BJ The Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. Wiley-Blackwell; 2009.
> Erikson, EH Utano neSosi . New York: Random House; 2014.