Apo zvinoshungurudza kune vamwe uye vamwe zvinotorwa
Doro ndiro mishonga inonyanya kutyisa pasi pose paunofunga nezvekukuvadza kunoitwa kune vanonwa, shamwari dzavo, uye mhuri uye kune dzimwe nyika. Zvinokuvadza zvinodhaka zvinodarika njodzi dze heroin uye crack cocaine apo njodzi yakawanda kumushandi nevamwe inotorwa.
Iyi ndiyo mhedzisiro yemapoka eBritain anoongorora uye akayera marwadzo anokonzerwa nemishonga 20 yakasiyana, zvose zviri pamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo.
Nhengo dzeBritish Independent Scientific Committee yemishonga (ISCD) uye nyanzvi mbiri kubva kuEuropean Monitoring Center yeDrugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) yakanyatsoongorora kukohwa kwakakonzerwa nemishonga imwe neimwe mumasangano 16 akasiyana.
Ratidza Hamu Huru Zvinodhaka
Masayendisiti akaisa mishonga imwe neimwe pamwero we 0 kusvika ku100 mune zvipfumbamwe nzvimbo dzine chokuita nekukuvadza izvo mishonga inoita kune mumwe nomumwe uye mitezo minomwe yekukuvadza kwavanoita kune vamwe. Vakatarisa kukuvadzwa kwepanyama, kwepfungwa uye kwepakati pemishonga inoita kuhupenyu hutariro, hutano hwehutano, kuvimba, kushanda kwepfungwa, kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvishoma, kurasikirwa kweukama, utsotsi, zvinokonzera kumagariro evanhu, matambudziko emhuri nezvimwe zvinhu.
Nokushandisa sarudzo yekuongorora mishonga imwe neimwe uye nekuyera kuti zvipi zvinotambudza zvakakosha kudarika vamwe, masayendisiti akakwanisa kupa mishonga imwe neimwe zvikwanganiso zvinogona kuenzaniswa uye zvakabatanidzwa kune zvese zvinotarisirwa.
Kuparadzwa Kunokonzerwa Nezvinodhaka
Zvimwe zvekuvhiringidza kumushandisi iyo panotarisa pane iyo yakaisanganisira:
- Kunyanya-zvinodhaka rufu
- Kufa kwakabatana nemishonga
- Kukuvara kwehutano
- Kutengesa zvinodhaka
- Kurasikirwa kwehukama
Zvimwe zvekushungurudza kune vamwe izvo zvaifungwa zvinosanganisira:
- Mhosva
- Kukanganisa kwepanyika
- Kurwisana kwemhuri
- Kwenyika yose kukanganisa
- Economic cost
- Kukuvadza kunzvimbo yakabatana
Kuongororwa kwemajeri kwakaratidza kuti heroin, crack cocaine uye methamphetamine ndiyo yakanyanya kukuvadza mishonga kumunhu mumwe nomumwe, nepo doro, heroin, uye kukanganisa ndiko kwakanyanya kuipa kune vamwe. Apo nzvimbo mbiri dzekukuvadza dzakanga dzakabatanidzwa, iyo yose yakaipisisa zvinodhaka yaiva doro, heroin uye crack cocaine.
Inonyanya Kuipa Zvinodhaka
Heano zviitiko zvemishonga imwe neimwe yakagamuchirwa nekuda kwekukuvadza kwakakonzerwa pamusana we 0 kusvika ku100:
- Doro 72
- Heroin 55
- Crack Cocaine 54
- Methamphetamine 33
- Cocaine 27
- Fodya 26
- Amphetamine 23
- Marijuana 20
- GHB 19
- Benzodiazepines 15
- Ketamine 15
- Methadone 14
- Anabolic Steroids 10
- Ecstasy 9
- LSD 7
- Buprenorphine 7
- Mbeu 6
Mishonga Yepamutemo Inokuvadza Zvakawanda
Iyo ISCD panel, inotungamirirwa naPurofesa David Nutt, yakagumisa kuti ikozvino mishonga yekushambadzira mishonga haifungi nezvemaitiro chaiwo anoitwa nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana uye ine ukama hushoma kune izvo zvinokuvadza zvakakonzerwa.
"Zvinoshamisa kuziva kuti mishonga mbiri yemutemo inongororwa - doro uye fodya - zvikamu munzvimbo yepamusoro yehuwandu hwenheyo, zvichiratidza kuti mishonga yemutemo inokonzera kuipa kwakanyanya sekuita zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo," akadaro Nutt.
Nutt akati nzira dzehutano hwehutano dzinofanirwa kuchinjwa kuti dzive nechinangwa chekukuvadza kunwa doro.
Icho chiito chakakodzera uye chinofanira, akadaro.
Sources:
Nutt DJ, et al, "Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka muUnited States: kuongorora kwakawanda," The Lancet . November 1, 2010.