Inetso Inotyisa uye Inodhura
Doro uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka nevashandi zvinokonzera matambudziko akawanda emabhizimusi uye emabhizimusi kubva pakurasika, kubereka, uye kuwedzerwa kwehutano hwehutano hwehutano. Kurasikirwa kumakambani muUnited States nemhaka yekushungurudzwa kwezvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka nevashandi vanokwana $ 100 mabhiriyoni pagore, maererano neThe National Clearinghouse yeAdha neDrug Information.
Iyi nhamba dzinoshamisa hazvirevi mari yekutsausa kambani dzemabhizimisi, iyo inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa, kutarisana nekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Kana kuti hazvirevi "marwadzo uye kutambura" zvinhu, izvo zvisingagoni kuyerwa mumatongerwo emari.
Kunwa uye kudhakwa kwevashandi pakati pevashandi vekuUnited States vanoita zvekurapa, zvemagariro evanhu uye zvimwe zvinetso zvinokanganisa vose vashandi nevashandi. Kushandiswa kwevashandi pakati pevashandi kunogona kutyisidzira kuchengeteka kwevanhu, kushatisa basa rekuita uye kutyisidzira kuchengeteka kwavo pachavo.
Matambudziko Anokonzerwa Mubasa
Mukuwedzera kune kufa uye njodzi, kusawana uye kurasikirwa kwezvakagadzirwa, zvimwe zvinetso izvo doro uye kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinogona kukonzera mubasa zvinosanganisira:
- Kutadza / kurara pabasa
- Hangover kana kuregera kunobata basa rekushanda
- Kuita zvisarudzo zvakashata
- Kurasikirwa kwehutano
- Kuba
- Mufambiro wepasi wevashandi pamwe chete
- Kuwedzerwa mikana yekuve nechinetso nevashandi-vashandi / vatariri kana mabasa
- Kunyanya kukoshesa nekuwana nekushandisa zvinhu panguva yebasa, kupindira nekucherechedza nekufungisisa
- Mabasa asina kukodzera pamabasa ari kusanganisira kutengesa zvinodhaka kune vamwe vashandi
- Kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro
- Kudzidziswa kwevashandi vatsva
- Kuranga maitiro
Kuyera Zvinodhura Zvekushandisa Dambudziko Rokushandisa
Zvisinei, mari inoshandiswa kumabhizinesi inogona kuyerwa mumutengo wekushaya mari, kukuvadzwa, utano hwehutano hwehutano, kurasikirwa kwekubudirira, kushanda kwevashandi, kuba, uye kuurayiwa.
Maererano neCNADI statistics vanoshandisa doro uye zvinodhaka:
- Hazvibatsiri kubereka.
- Shandisa katatu kana mazuva akawanda anorwara.
- Vanowanzozvikuvadza ivo kana mumwe munhu.
- Iko kanomwe kakawanda inowanikwa yekupa zvikwereti zvemari yevashandi?
Imwe tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti mapfumbamwe kubva muzana yevanwiwa zvinodhaka uye 10 muzana yevanoshandisa zvinodhaka vakanga vasisina basa nekuda kwechechi, vatanhatu kubva muzana vakange vaenda kushanda zvakanyanya kana kunwa mugore rapfuura, uye 11 muzana yevanwiwa zvinodhaka uye 18 muzana yevanoshandisa zvinodhaka vakanga rega kushanda basa mumwedzi wapfuura.
Zvinokonzera Kupa kune Mushandi Wekushungurudza Zvinhu
Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuita kuti kunwa doro uye kudhakwa kunzvimbo. Zvimwe zvinogona kukurudzira kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yemabasa kunosanganisira:
- Kunzvimbo yemabasa uye kubvuma kunwa / kudhakwa
- Kuparadzaniswa kwebasa
- Kuwanika doro uye zvinodhaka
- Kurarama uye kushandiswa kwemitemo yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvepamutemo
Basa Rokushanda
Chimiro chebasa chinogona kuita basa guru mukunge kunwa nekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinogamuchirwa uye kunokurudzirwa kana kuora mwoyo uye kudziviswa. Chikamu chechimiro ichi chinogona kuvimba nehutano hwevakadzi pakati pevashandi.
Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzevakadzi dzinoitwa tsvakurudzo dzinoratidza kuti vashandi nevarumekadzi vashandi havana mikana yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinetso kana vachienzaniswa nevashandi vevari vaviri vari mumabasa evanhu vane simba.
Zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti basa rinotungamirirwa nevarume rinoumba tsika dzinodhaka dzinodhaka umo vashandi vanonwa kuti vavake kubatana uye kuratidza kufanana. Nokudaro, mabasa aya ane mazinga akawandisa ezvinetso zvewaini uye zvinodhaka.
Chero mashizha kana sangano rinogona kuchinjwa nehuwandu hwekudhakwa kwebasa, asi tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti inowanikwa mumabhizimisi aya: kushanda kwezvokudya, kuvaka, kugadzira minda nekugadzira, kugadzira, kuisa, kuchengetedza, nekugadzirisa
Workplace Alienation
Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti basa racho pacharo rinogona kupa zvikamu zvakakwirira zvevashandi vanoshandisa zvinodhaka . Kushanda kunotyisa, kunetseka kana kuparadzanisa kunogona kuita kuti vashandi vanwe doro.
Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kushandiswa kwakabatanidzwa nehutsika hwekuzvidzivirira kwebasa, kusagadzikana kwebasa rakaoma, kusava nesimba kwekushanda kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvigadzirwa, kusuruvara, kushungurudzwa kwepabonde, kutaura nemhirizhonga, uye kusaremekedza maitiro.
Doro Inowanikwa
Kuwanika uye kuwanika kwewaini kunogona kuita kuti mushandi anwe. Zvinopfuura zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevashandi vanokwana 984 vakaongororwa mune imwe nzvimbo huru yekugadzira vakati yakanga "iri nyore" kana "iri nyore kwazvo" kuunza doro munzvimbo yebasa, kunwa pamabasa, uye kunwa munguva yekupedza. Mumitambo apo doro rinorambidzwa, kunwa pabasa uye kunwa, kazhinji, kwakaderera zvikuru.
Supervision
Nhamba yekutarisa pamabasa inogona kukanganisa kunwa uye kudhakwa kwepamusoro pabasa. Pakudzidza manheru kushandiswa kwevashandi, apo kutarisirwa kwakaderedzwa, kwakawana kuti vashandi vainyanya kunwa kubasa kupfuura kunyanya kutarisa kushanduka.
Vanonwiwa Doro Dambudziko Dambudziko
Zvinotoshamisa, kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti ndivo vanonwiwa nevanhu, kwete ivo vakaoma-vanodhakwa zvinodhaka kana vanonwa dambudziko, avo vane basa rehuwandu hwehupfumi hwakarasika, maererano neChristian Science Monitor nyaya, zvakanyatsobatanidza dambudziko rekudzivirira kubhizha panzvimbo yebasa
Ichi chidzidzo chakawana zvakare kuti chaiva vatungamiriri, kwete vashandi veawa, avo vainyanya kunwa panguva yebasa. Twenty-three per cent of managers above and 11% of supervisors of the first line reported that they were drinking during the day of work, compared with only eight percent of employees hourly.
Vatsvakurudzi vakawana zvakare kuti 21 kubva muzana yevashandi vakati ivo pachavo vashandi vakakanganiswa nekuda kwekushanda kwekambani.
Kudzivirira Mabasa
Apo nyaya yekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kwepabasa inotaridzirwa nekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvakakwana, ndeye "kukunda-kutora" mamiriro ezvinhu kune vose vashandi nevashandi, maererano neDhipatimendi reMabasa reUnited States.
Kuongorora kwehupfumi hwehutano hwekushandisa zvinodhaka muOhio kwakawana kuchinja kukuru kwekushanda kwebasa:
- 91 kubva muzana inoderera musipo
- 88 muzana inoderera mumatambudziko nevatariri
- 93 muzana inoderera muzvikanganiso mubasa
- 97 muzana inoderedza ku-kwe--kukuvara kwebasa.
Makambani nevashandirwi, vakuru uye vaduku, vanogona kutora mitemo yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa pabasa kunogona kuderedza kurashikirwa kwekubudirira uye kupa nzvimbo yakachengeteka yemabasa kune vose.
> Source
- > Wilcox S. Zvinodhaka uye Doro Mubasa. National Council on Alcoholism uye Drug Dependence.